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El uso de residuos de borra de café para la obtención de carbones activados mediante carbonización hidrotérmica se ha abordado de forma poco sistemática en la literatura, lo que sumado a la necesidad de mejorar los sistemas de almacenamiento de energía, exige la realización de estudios sistemáticos de estos procesos. En el presente trabajo se obtuvieron carbones activados con porosidad jerarquizada a partir de biomasa por medio de carbonización hidrotérmica y activaciones químicas. Se analizó el efecto del tiempo y la temperatura de la carbonización hidrotérmica de la borra de café, con el fin de obtener un alto grado de carbonización y mejores rendimientos de reacción. En cuanto a la porosidad, se utilizaron tres agentes directores de estructura para obtener una distribución de poros jerarquizada. Con respecto al desarrollo de los materiales, el análisis termogravimétrico y el elemental confirmaron la obtención de un material mucho más carbonizado con la carbonización hidrotérmica a 250 °C durante 6 h, en tanto que a 200 °C durante 6 h se logró un mayor rendimiento de reacción. Los carbones activados se caracterizaron utilizando isotermas y micrografías de microscopía electrónica de barrido (MEB) para el análisis de la porosidad y el área superficial, y se comprobó que todos los materiales sintetizados obtuvieron una distribución jerárquica de poros. Asimismo, se evaluó el comportamiento de los materiales como electrodos para supercondensadores, evidenciándose una mejor capacitancia específica con el carbón obtenido por activación con hidróxido de potasio (KOH).
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