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This review includes a description of the proposed mechanisms to explain the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and strategies for treatment in the light of these mechanisms, with emphasis on the use of polyphenolic compounds as therapeutic agents. The effects of reactive oxygen species ROS and presence of metal redox in the development of AD and treatment strategies with a drug or active substance, based on antioxidant and chelating activity and in its potentiality through signaling pathways are analyzed. Given the importance of polyphenolic compounds as natural antioxidants for treating of AD, in special the flavonoids family, this review takes into account examples of this family, with emphasis on the catechin type flavonoid (-)-epigalocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). Understanding of how polyphenols are involved at the cellular level (role of its chemical structure in the interaction with the cell and therefore its biological activity is required in order to modulate the interaction and signaling pathways to achieve the desired neurotrophic effects. Effects in vitro often do not correspond to those in vivo. Differences in concentrations and study conditions make that chemical and biological activities of a drug vary. This may be due in part to the need for an adjustment in concentration and time between preclinical and clinical studies. Furthermore, efficient release methods should be investigated, particularly considering that a therapeutic agent for neurological diseases should cross the blood – brain - barrier (BBB). Nano- technology based on controlled release systems of drugs may overcome these limitations. © 2016. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat. All rights reserved.References
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