Abstract
The allelopathic effects are a tool for the control of viable arvenses in the agro ecosystems, these natural reactions have multiple effects that go from the inhibition or stimulation of the neighbour plants growth until the inhibition of the seeds germination. In this work, the allelopathic activity of crude extracts of Copaifera pubiflora (Benth) on the germination of Mimosa pudica (Lineo) was evaluated to generate new potential control methods of M. pudica, and knowledge of endemic species of the Orinoco, as C. pubiflora and their potential uses. Ethanolic, hexane and aqueous extracts 7.5 and 2% wv of leaves and bark of C. pubiflora were used. A multi-factor categorical design and preliminary identification tests of secondary metabolites were performed. The results showed that ethanolic and aqueous extracts of bark and leaves have allelopathic activity on the germination of M. pudica. In addition, preliminary tests of secondary metabolites determined the possible presence of some family compounds which are recognized by their allelopathic activity. © 2016. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat. All rights reserved.References
Acero, L. E. 2005. Plantas útiles de la cuenca del Orinoco. Ecopetrol. BP. Corporinoquia. Editorial. Asociación Santiago de Las Atalayas, Corporinoquia, Bogotá.
Abad, A., Tiscareño, M., Villar, C & Varela, S. 2012. Manejo de maleza en cultivos tropicales. Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas. México D. F.
Ariza, C. A., & Merchán, P. J. A. 2012. Identificación y clasificación en biotipos de las malezas asociadas con el cultivo de la palma de aceite. Revista Ciencia y Agricultura, 9 (2): 87-96.
Barba, C. J. 1997. Introducción al Laboratorio de Fitoquímica. México D. F.: Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana.
Bernal, H., Martínez, H., & Sánchez, G. 2011. Pautas para el conocimiento, conservación y uso sostenible de las plantas medicinales nativas en Colombia: estrategia nacional para la conservación de plantas. Ministerio de Ambiente, Vivienda y Desarrollo Territorial.
Blanco, Y. 2013. Revisión bibliográfica. La utilización de la alelopatía y sus efectos en diferentes cultivos agrícolas. Cultivos tropicales, 27 (3): 5-16.
Cascon, V., & Gilbert, B. 2000. Characterization of the chemical composition of oleoresins of Copaifera guianensis Desf., Copaifera duckei Dwyer and Copaifera multijuga Hayne. Phytochemistry, 55 (7): 773-778.
CORPOICA. 2003. contenían varias sustancias alelopáticas: flavonoides, 5-deoxiflavonas, 7-8-dihidroflavononas. Revista CORPOICA, 1-2. Cruz, L. 1995. Guía práctica de productos naturales y fitoquímica, (1 ed.). Guatemala: Universitaria.
CUNHA, A. G. 1999. Dicionário histórico das palavras portuguesas de origem tupi. Brasília: Melhoramentos. 120 p. Cutié, A., Rosales, R., & Gámez, R. 2015. Mimosa pudica: una modalidad local de sustancia de abuso. MEDISAN, 19 (12): 1556-1560.
Decker, B. L. 1986. World geodetic system 1984. Defense Mapping Agency Aerospace Center St Louis Afs Mo. Domínguez, X. 1989. Métodos de Investigación fitoquímica. México D. F.: Limusa.
Duran, JM; Tortosa, ME. 1985. El efecto de la escarificación mecánica y química en la germinación de chalock (Sinapisarvensis L.). Seed Sci. Technol., 13 (1): 155-163.
Gurgel, E. S. C. 2009. Morfoanatomia, perfil químico e atividade alelopática de três espécies de Copaifera L.(Leguminosae Caesalpinioideae) nativas da amazônia.
Hoyos, V., Martínez, M. J., & Plaza, G. 2016. Malezas asociadas a los cultivos de cítricos, guayaba, maracuyá y piña en el departamento del Meta, Colombia. Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas, 9 (2): 247-258.
Farnsworth, N., & Segelmen, A. 1999. Biological and Phytochemical Evaluation of plants. J. Pharm Sci. Franco, D. M. 2013. Atividade alelopática de Copaifera langsdorffii DESF: abordagem fitoquímica e molecular. Ferreira, A. B. H. 1988. Novo dicionário da língua portuguesa. Rio de Janeiro: Nova Fronteira, 1498 p.
Harborne, J. 1989. Phytochemical Methods. (segunda ed.). Chapman and Hall. INSTITUTE., S. 1989. Statistical Analysis System. User’s guide. Version 6.4. ed. Cary:1989. 846 p.
Izasa, J., Gimenez, F., Galvan, J. l., & Restrepo, J. C. 2007. Actividad alelopática de algunas especies de los géneros miconia, tibouchina, henriettella, tococa, aciotis y bellucia (Melastomataceae). Scientia et Technica A, 409-413.
Juntila, O. 1976. semillas y la germinación de embriones en S. vulgaris y S. reflejo de los efectos de la temperatura durante el desarrollo de la semilla. Physiol. Plant., 29: 264-268.
Labouriao, L. G. 1983. A germinação de sementes. Washington:OEA: 170.
Lewis, G., Schrire, B., MacKinder, B., & Lock, M. 2005. Legumes of the world Royal Botanical Gardens. Kew, UK.
Luz S, S. F. 2010. Atividade alelopática de substâncias químicas isoladas da Acacia mangium e suas variações em função do PH. Planta daninha vol. 28 no. 3, 1-5
Mehhboob, N.; Saleem, B. y Qureshi, M. J. Plant and chemical environment. Pakistan Journal of Biological- ciences, 2000, vol. 3, no. 8, p. 1305-1307, 2000.
Menza, H. D., & Salazar, L. F. 2006. Resistencia de Eleusine indica al glifosato en cafetales de la zona cafetera central de Colombia.
Martins-da-Silva, R. C. V. 2006. Taxonomia das espécies de Copaifera L. (Leguminosae Caesalpinoideae) ocorrentes na Amazônia Brasileira. 2006. 258 f. Tese (Doutorado em Botância) - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro.
Narwal, S. S., & Haouala, R. 2011. Allelopathic strategies for ecological weed management. Herbologia, 12 (1): 29-56.
Oliveros-Bastidas, A. D. J. 2008. El fenómeno alelopático. El concepto, las estrategias de estudio y su aplicación en la búsqueda de herbicidas naturales. Revista QuímicaViva, 7 (1).
Ospina Ante, A., Beer, J., Kapp, G., Lucas, C., Vargas, F., A Jiménez, F., & Schlönvoigt, A. 2003. Agroforestería: aportes conceptuales, metodológicos y prácticos para el estudio agroforestal (No. 631.58 O83). Asociación del Colectivo de Agroecología del Suroccidentale Colombiano,Cali (Colombia).
Ortiz H., Sánchez W., Méndez A. & Murillo E. 2009: Potencial antioxidante de hojas y corteza de Bauhinia kalbreyeri Harms: Contribución de sus flavonoides en esta actividad. Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. 33 (127): 183-191, 2009. ISSN 0370-3908.
Putnam, A. R. 1995. Weed allelopathy. En S. O. Duke, Reproduction and Ecophysiology (págs. 131-155). Boca Raton: Duke, S. O.
Ramirez, N., & Arroyo, M. K. 1990. Estructura poblacional de Copaifera pubiflora Benth. (Leguminosae; Caesalpinioideae) en los Altos Llanos Centrales de Venezuela. Biotropica, 124-132.
Rodas, I. M. 2004. Identificación de familias de metabolitos secundarios en Myrica cerifera. Guatemala: Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala.
Rodríguez Rivera, M. F., Sosa, L. R., Fernández, E. A., Reale, M. I., & Villarreal, V. 2007. Efecto del estrés hídrico a distintas temperaturas sobre la germinación de semillas de Bulnesia retama (Gill. ex. Hook.) Griseb.-Zigofiláceas-en San Luis, Argentina. Phyton (Buenos Aires), 76: 5-17
Souza Filho, A., Gurgel, E., Queiroz, M., & Santos, J. 2010. Atividade alelopática de extratos brutos de três espécies de copaifera (leguminosaecaesalpinioideae). Planta daninha,28 (4): 746-747.
Society, I. A. 1996. International Allelopathy Society. Recuperado el 02 de 09 de 2014, de International Allelopathy Society:http://www.as.uca.es/bylaws.htm
STATGRAPHICS. 2006. Diseño de Experimentos – Diseños para Varios Factores Categóricos. Rev, 1-8. Tally, W. 1999. Seminario taller mesoamericano, metabolitos de interés nutricional en plantas comestibles de la región. Guatemala: Universidad San Carlos de Guatemala. 26 al 30 de abril.
Zamorano, C. 2006. Alelopatía: un nuevo reto en la ciencia de las arvenses en el trópico. Agron, 14 (1):7-15.
Declaration of originality and transfer author's rights
The authors declare:
- The published data and reference materials have been duly identified with their respective credits and have been included in the bibliographic notes and citations that have been so identified and that should it be required, I have all releases and permissions from any copyrighted material.
- All material presented is free from any copyright and that I accept full legal responsibility for any legal claims relating to copyrighted intellectual property, fully exonerating from responsibility the Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales.
- This work is unpublished and will not be sent to any other journal while waiting for the editorial decision of this journal. I declare that there is no conflict of interest in this manuscript.
- In case of publication of this article, all author´s rights are transferred to the Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, and so cannot be reproduced in any form without the express permission of it.
- By means of this document, if the article is accepted for publication by the Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, the Revista assumes the right to edit and publish the articles in national and international indices or data bases for academic and scientific use in paper, electronic, CD-ROM, internet form either of the complete text or any other known form known or to be known and non-commercial, respecting the rights of the authors.
Transfer of author rights
In case the article is approved for publication, the main author in representation of himself and his co-authors or the main author and his co-authors must cede the author rights of the corresponding article to the Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, except in the following cases:
The authors and co-authors will retain the right to revise, adapt, prepare derived works, oral presentations, and distribution to some colleagues of reprints of their own published work, if the corresponding credit is given to the Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. It is also permissible to publish the title of the work, summary, tables, and figures of the work in the corresponding web sites of the authors or their employers, also giving credit to the Revista.
If the work has been realized under contract, the author’s employer has the right to revise, adapt, prepare derivative works, reproduce, or distribute in hard copy the published work, in a secure manner and for the exclusive use of his employees.
If the Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales were approached for permission by a third party for using, printing, or publishing specifically articles already published, the Revista must obtain the express permission of the author and co-authors of the work or of the employer except for use in classrooms, libraries, or reprinted in a collective work. The Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales reserves the possible use in its front cover of figures submitted with the manuscripts.
No other right, other than the author’s right, can be claimed by the Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales.