Abstract
The results of our investigations on the photooxidation activity of sensitized solids with different coordination compounds are shown. These materials have been used in selective oxidation and advanced oxidation processes. The sensitization of TiO2 with MoVI(O)2(L)4 facilitates the molecular oxygen transference process to PPh3 and cyclohexene under illumination. Synergy in the oxidation reaction is observed when TiO2 is sensitized with metallic phthalocyanines (TSPcM/TiO2) where M = Co, Ni, Cu and Zn. An increase in the Cyclohexene oxidation reaction rate in organic medium is observed, independent of the transition metal. Platinum deposits on carboxyphthalocyanines sensitized TiO2 show an increase in the photo-oxidation rate of phenol in aqueous medium, under irradiation with visible light. It is possible to oxidize mercaptans with intercalated phthalocyanines in basic solids (Hydrotalcite and zeolites) without an external alkaline medium, and under illumination, advanced oxidation products are formed.
Keywords
References
Albert B. R., Cheetham A. K. 2000. Synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction study of highly crystalline low-silica zeolite P during Na–Ca Ion exchange, Microporous and Mesoporous Materials. 34 (2): 207-211.
Alcaraz J. J., Arena B. J., Gillespie R. D., Holmgren J. S. 1998. Solid base catalysts for mercaptan oxidation. Cat. Today, 43 (1-2): 89-99.
Almquist, C. B., Biswas, P. 2001. A mechanistic approach to modeling the effect of dissolved oxygen in photo-oxidation reactions on titanium dioxide in aqueous systems. Chemical Engineering Science, 56 (11): 3421-3430.
Arzoumanian, H. 1998. Molybdenum-oxo Chemistry in Various Aspects of Oxygen Atom Transfer Processes. Coord. Chem. Rev.,178-180 (part 1), 191-202.
Arzoumanian, H., Agrifoglio G., Krentzien H. 1996. Reaction of a Tetrathiocyanatodioxomolybdate(VI) anion with Bipyridines. Synthesis of a Highly Efficient Oxo-Transfer Catalyst. New J. Chem., 20, 699.
Arzoumanian, H., Bakhtchadjian R., Agrifoglio G., Krentzien G. H. 1999. Synthesis and charactrization of a dioxo-m-oxo Mo-dimer. An unusual case of a m-oxo conformational equilibrium. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 1999 (12): 2255-2259.
Augugliario V., Blanco J., Caceres J., Garcia E., Loddo V., Lopez M. J., Malato S., Marci G., Palmisano, L., Schiavello, M., Soria J. 1999. Photocatalytic oxidation of cyanide in aqueous TiO2 suspensions irradiated by sunlight in mild and strong oxidant conditions. Catalysis Today, 54 (2-3): 245-253.
Bae, E., Choi, W., 2003. Highly Enhanced Photoreductive Degradation of Perchlorinated Compounds on Dye-Sensitized Metal/TiO2 under Visible Light Environm. Sci. Technol. 37(1): 147-152.
Barthomeuf D. 1984. Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs in Zeolites, J. Phys. Chem., 88(1): 42-45.
Basu B. V., Satapathy S., Bhatnagar A. K. 1993. Procesos merox y oxidación de metales relacionados, catalizados por ftalocianinas, Indian Oil Corporation, Limited Research and Development Center. Catal. Rev. Sci. Eng., 35 (4): 571-609.
Blake D. M. 1997. Bibliography of Work on Photocatalytic Removal of Hazardous Compounds from Water and Air, NREL/TP-430-22197, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden.
Braun, A. M. (ed.). 1983. Photochemical conversions. Lausanne, Suisse: Presses polytechniques romandes,.
Bricker J. C., Staehle B. E. 1987. US Patent 4705620
Chandrasekhar S., Pramada P. N. 2001. Sintering behavior of calcium exchanged low silica zeolites synthesized from kaolin, Ceramics International, 27(1): 105-114.
Chandrasekhar S., Pramada P. N. 2002. Thermal studies of low silica zeolites and their magnesium exchanged forms, Ceramics International, 28(2): 177-186.
Chatti I., Ghorbel A., Grange P., Colin J. M. 2002. Oxidation of mercaptans in light oil sweetening by cobalt(II) phthalocyanine-hydrotalcite catalysts. Catal. Today, 75 (1-4): 113-117.
Chen S. M. 1999. The photocatalytic autoxidation of sulfur oxoanions by water-soluble porphyrin complexes. J. Mol. Cat. A: Chemical, 138 (1): 1-13.
Chen D., Ray A.K. 2001. Removal of toxic metal ions from wastewater by semiconductor photocatalysis. Chemical Engineering Science, 56 (4): 1561-1570.
Choi S. Y., Park Y. S., Hong S. B., Yoon K. B. 1996. Iodine as a Visible Probe for the Evaluation of Zeolite Donor Strength, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 118 (39): 9377-9386.
Chun-Guey W., Chia-Cheng C., Fang-Ting K. 2004. Enhancement of the photo catalytic performance of TiO2 catalysts via transition metal modification, Catalysis Today, 97 (2-3): 103 -112.
Darwent, J. R. Douglas P., Harriman A., Porter G., Richoux M. C. 1982. Metal phthalocyanines and prophyrins as Photosensitizers for reduction of water to hydrogen. Coord. Chem. Rev. 44 (1): 83-126.
Domínguez C., Garcia J., Pedraz M.A., Torres A., Galan M.A. 1998. Photocatalytic oxidation of organic pollutants in water. Catalysis Today. 40 (1): 85-101.
Dyer A., Enamy H. 1985. The sodium-calcium exchange in zeolite A. Zeolites, 5 (2): 66-67.
Einaga H., Futamura S., Ibusuki T. 2001. Complete Oxidation of Benzene in Gas Phase by Platinized Titania Photocatalysts. Environm. Sci. Technol. 35 (9): 1880-1884.
Farrauto R. J., Heck R. M. Environmental catalysis into the 21st century., Catal. Today, 2000, 55 (1): 179-187.
Fox M. A. 1983. Organic heterogeneous Photocatalysis: Chemical conversions sensitized by irradiated semiconductors. Acc. Chem. Res 16 (9): 314-321.
Friesen D., Morello L., Headley J. V., Langford C. H. 2000. Factors influencing relative efficiency in photo-oxidations of organic molecules by Cs3 PW12O40 and TiO2 colloidal photocatalysts. J. Photochem. Photobiology A: Chem., 133 (3): 213-220.
Fujishima A., Rao T. N., Tryk D. A. 2000. Titanium dioxide photocatalysis. J. Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochem. Rev. 1 (1): 1 – 21.
Gracy R.W., Talent J. M., Kong Y., Conrad, C. C. 1999. Mutation Research, Reactive oxygen species: the unavoidable environmental insult. Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis 428 (1-2): 17-22.
Granados O., G., Páez M., C. A., Martínez-Ortega, F., Páez-Mozo, E. A., Photocatalytic degradation of phenol on TiO2 and TiO2 / Pt sensitized with metallophthalocyanines, Catalysis Today, 2005.
Herrmann J. M. 1999. Heterogeneous photocatalysis: fundamentals and applications to the removal of various types of aqueous pollutants. Catal. Today, 53 (1): 115-129.
Hoffmann M., Martin S., Choi W., Bahnemann, D. 1995. Environmental Applications of Semiconductor Photocatalysis Chem. Rev. 95 (1): 69.
Holm R., Kennepohl P., Solomon E. I. 1996. Structural and Functional Aspects of Metal Sites in Biology. Chem. Rev., 96 (7): 2239-2314.
Iliev V., Bilyarska L. 1999. Effect of metal phthalocyanine complex aggregation on the catalytic and photocatalytic oxidation of sulfur containing compounds. J. Mol. Cat. A: Chemical, 137 (1-3): 15-22.
Iliev V. 2002. Phthalocyanine-modified titania catalyst for Photooxidation of phenols by irradiation with visible light. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem. 151 (1-3): 195 – 199.
Hufschmidt D., Bahnemann D., Testa J., Emilio C., Litter M. 2002. Enhancement of the photocatalytic activity of various TiO2 materials by platinisation. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem. 148 (1-3): 223-231.
Jaramillo S., Paez M. E. 1990. Eliminación de mercaptanos presentes en gasolina mediante reacción de oxidación en planta-piloto, utilizando ftalocianina de cobalto encapsulada en zeolita como catalizador heterogéneo en lecho fijo, Tesis de grado, Universidad Industrial de Santander, 1-92.
Lafoy C. J. 1985, US Patent 4562300.
Leznoffy C. C., Lever A. (ed.). 1989. Phthalocyanines: Properties and applications, VCH Publishers, Inc., N.Y. 295.
Liquornik M., Marcus Y. 1968. Íon exchange in molten salts. III. The íon-exchange properties of sodium zeolite A in molten sodium nitrate. The exchange with calcium and strontium cations, J. Phys. Chem. 72(13): 4704-4705.
Litter M. I. 1999. Heterogeneous photocatalysis: Transition metal ions in photocatalytic systems. Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 23 (2-3): 89-114.
Kamat P. V., 1993. Photochemistry on nonreactive and reactive (semiconductors) surfaces. Chem. Rev. 93(1): 267-300.
Maldotti, A., Amadelli, T. Carassiti, V., Molinari, A., 1997. Catalytic oxygenation of cyclohexane by photoexcited (nBu4 N)4W10O32: the role of radicals. Inorganica Chimica Acta, 256 (2): 309-312.
Maruyama K., Kubo Y. 1985. Photochemistry of phthalimides with olefins. Solvent-incorporated addition vs cycloaddition to imide C(=O)-N bond accompanying ring enlargement, J. Org. Chem. 50 (9):1426-1435.
Meunier B., Sorokin A. R., 1997. Oxidation Of Pollutants Catalyzed By Metallophthalocyanines. Acc. Chem. Res. 30 (11): 470-476.
Miller, J. 1999. Photodynamic Therapy: The Sensitization Of Cancer Cells To Light. J. Chem. Educ. 76 (5): 592-594.
Mendoza O., Pedraza J. 2002. Oxidación Fotocatalítica del 2-Mercaptoetanol por Tetrasulfoftalocianinas Metálicas Interca-ladas en Hidrotalcita, Tesis de grado, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga.
Mendoza O., Martínez F., Páez-Mozo E. 2005. Photocatalytic oxidation of 2-mercaptoethanol by metal (II)-tetrasulfophthalocyanines intercalated in hydrotalcite. En proceso de publicación.
Meyer T. J., Seok W. K., Dobson J. C. 1988, Mechanism of oxidation of phenol and cyclohexene by an Oxo Complex of Ruthenium(IV), Inorganic Chemistry, 27 (1): 3-5
Miranda M. A., Galindo F., Amat A. M., Arques A. 2001. Pyrylium salt-photosensitised degradation of phenolic contaminants present in olive oil wastewaters with solar light: Part II. Benzoic acid derivatives. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 30 (3-4): 437-444.
Morales L., Páez Mozo E. A. 1996. Síntesis de hidrotalcita utilizando tetrasulfoftalocianina metálica y su ensayo en la oxidación de mercaptoetanol. Actas del IV Simposio Colombiano de Catálisis, Bucaramanga (Colombia), 203-207.
Mylonas A., Hiskia A., Papaconstantinou E. 1996. Contribution to water purification using polyoxometalates. Aromatic derivatives, chloroacetic acids. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 114 (1-3): 191-200.
Páez E., Gabriunas N., Luccaccione D. 1993. Cobalt Phthalocyanine Encapsulated in Y Zeolite: A Physochemical Study, J. Phys. Chem. 97 (49): 12819-12827.
Páez C. A., Granados G., Martínez-Ortega F., Páez-Mozo E. A., Arzoumanian H. 2004. Reacciones de transferencia de átomos de oxígeno con complejos MoVIO2(L)4(L= SCN, ac. nic.) anclados sobre TiO2 inducidas por luz con l 3 380 nm, XIX SIC, Mérida, México, septiembre 14.
Páez-Mozo E. A., Hernández F. J., Martínez-Ortega, F. 2005. Oxidacion de mercaptanos con ftalocianina de co encapsulada en zeolitas x e y con diferente fuerza básica. Enviado para publicación Rev. ACCEFYN,.
Palmesano L., Paola A., Marci C., Schiavello M., Uosaki K., Ikeda S. 2002. Preparation of Polycrystalline TiO2 Photocatalysts Impregnated with Various Transition Metal Ions: Characterization and Photocatalytic Activity for the Degradation of 4-Nitrophenol. J. Phys. Chem. B 106 (3): 637-645.
Pedraza-Avella J. A., Martínez-Ortega F., Páez-Mozo E. A. 2005. Photocatalytic oxidation of cyclohexene in liquid organic phase over titanium dioxide sensitized by metal(II) tetrasulfophthalocyanines, enviado para publicación.
Pellegatti A., Arzoumanian H., Blaive B. 2003. Relative Energies of Dioxo m-Oxo Molybdenum Complexes from Various Fragmentation Strategies. Chem. Eur J. 9(22): 5655-5663.
Rodgers G. 1995. Introducción a la química de coordinación del estado sólido. Madrid: McGRAW HILL Interamericana, 213-214.
Sakthive S. L., Kisch H. 2003. Photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical properties of nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide, Chem. Phys. Chem. 4, 487.
Serpone N., Pelizzetti, E. 1989. Photocatalysis, Fundamentals and Applications. New York: Wiley.
Sherry H. S. 1966. Barium Íon Exchange of the Synthetic Zeolite Linde 4-A. J. Phys. Chem. 70 (4): 1332-1334.
Shiragami T., Kubomura K., Ishibashi D., Inoue H. 1996. Efficient photochemical oxygenation of cyclohexene with water as an oxygen donor sensitized by dimethoxy-coordinated tetraphenylporphyrinatoantimony(V). J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118 (26): 6311-6312.
Tynjälä P., Pakkanen T. 1996. Acidic properties of ZSM-5 zeolite modified with Ba2+, Al3+ and La3+ íon-exchange, Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical,110 (2): 153-161.
Vidal A., Dinya Z., Mogyorodi F., Jr. Mogyorodi F. 1999. Photocatalytic degradation of thiocarbamate herbicide active ingredients in water Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, , 21(4): 259-267.
Yang T. C., Wang S. F., Tsai H. Y., Lin Shi-Yi. 2001. Intrinsic photocatalytic oxidation of the dye adsorbed on TiO2 photocatalysts by diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 30 (3-4): 293-301.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0