Palabras clave
Potencial hídrico foliar
Fluorescencia de la clorofila a
Intercambio gaseoso
Factores climáticos
Cómo citar
Resumen
La curuba (Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima) es originaria de los Andes y tiene un alto potencial
para la bioprospección debido a sus propiedades bioquímicas y organolépticas. Existe poca
información sobre las características ecofisiológicas de la planta útiles para optimizar sus sistemas
productivos. Nuestro objetivo fue determinar el comportamiento fisiológico de las plantas de curuba
en sus distintas fases fenológicas en dos condiciones altitudinales. Se establecieron cultivos de la
especie en una zona altitudinal baja (2.006 m) y en otra más alta (2.498 m) del municipio de Pasca,
Cundinamarca, Colombia, y se monitorearon las características climáticas. Se evaluó el potencial hídrico, el intercambio gaseoso, y la fluorescencia de clorofila a en plantas en diferentes estados
fenológicos y se generaron curvas de respuesta fotosintética a la luz. Se encontró que las condiciones
de mayor altitud (2.498 m) fueron más frías, con mayor radiación fotosintéticamente activa (PAR) y
humedad relativa, pero con menor déficit de presión de vapor. Las plantas de la zona alta presentaron
mayores tasas de fotosíntesis, potencial hídrico, conductancia estomática y uso eficiente del agua,
y menor transpiración que las plantas de la zona baja (2.006 m); en la altitud menor las plantas
mostraron un mejor rendimiento del PSII y una mayor eficiencia fotosintética. Las tasas fotosintéticas
se redujeron a lo largo de las etapas fenológicas. Durante la floración y los primeros estadios de
desarrollo del fruto, las tasas de transpiración disminuyeron, el uso eficiente del agua mejoró, y el
potencial hídrico foliar aumentó. Las plantas tuvieron respuestas fisiológicas de adaptación a las
diferentes condiciones ecofisiológicas en las dos altitudes, pero las características climáticas de la
mayor elevación permitieron a las plantas de curuba desarrollar un mayor rendimiento fisiológico.
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