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Las nitroanilinas son compuestos utilizados en pesticidas químicos, derivados de colorantes de tipo azoico, productos farmacéuticos y aditivos de combustibles, entre otros productos. El estudio del alcance de las aplicaciones de las nitroanilinas es un tema de importancia comercial e industrial, a pesar de que se ha encontrado que sus derivados, incluso en bajas concentraciones, generan una gran contaminación en los cuerpos de agua. En este sentido, el estudio de procesos y técnicas alternativas para la degradación de estos nitroderivados es un tema de interés, por lo que en este estudio se propone un proceso de degradación para los derivados de la orto-nitroanilina y la meta-nitroanilina mediante fotocatálisis heterogénea con dióxido de titanio (TiO2). Se diseñó y construyó un reactor prototipo a escala de laboratorio y se evaluó la cantidad de TiO2, el valor del pH y la concentración de oxidante (H2O2) para ambas nitroanilinas, lo que permitió determinar la cinética de la degradación, analizar la recuperación del catalizador, y encontrar las condiciones de degradación óptimas; se observó que la cantidad de peróxido y el valor de pH predominaron en el porcentaje de degradación. Por último, se obtuvo una mineralización del 93,5 y el 97,6 % de los isómeros de la orto-nitroanilina y la meta-nitroanilina, respectivamente, con un pseudo-orden cero para la degradación de ambos compuestos con base en el mecanismo de Langmuir-Hinshelwood.
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Derechos de autor 2021 Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales