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Para determinar los patrones de distribución, las fuentes, la especiación química y la biodisponibilidad de arsénico en acuíferos subterráneos, se analizaron 64 muestras de agua subterránea mediante modelos hidroquímicos y geoquímicos. Se determinó que la geoquímica iónica de importancia, las facies hidrogeoquímicas y los parámetros hidrogeoquímicos básicos son interdependientes. Las concentraciones de arsénico (As) variaron de 0,001 mg/l a 0,03 mg/l, con una media de 0,007 mg/l. Los resultados del 4,68 % de las muestras sobrepasaron el nivel permitido de 0,01 mg/l, lo que significa que el agua subterránea no tiene un contenido peligrosamente alto de arsénico. Las concentraciones significativas de iones en las estaciones secas disminuyeron en las lluviosas, lo que sugiere que las concentraciones iónicas, generadas por la erosión de silicatos en los acuíferos, se diluyeron. La tendencia de la abundancia en la concentración de metales fue Fe > Mn > Zn > Ni > Cu > As > Pb > Cd durante la estación seca y Fe > Zn > Mn > Ni > Pb > Cu > As > Cd durante la lluviosa. De las dos facies hidroquímicas descubiertas, la predominante fue la facies principal de bicarbonato alcalinotérreo [Ca-(Mg)-HCO3], típica de terrenos de basamento, lo que sugiere la etapa fundamental de la evolución del agua subterránea. Los gráficos de proporciones iónicas, cargas metálicas y análisis de componentes principales evidenciaron que las concentraciones iónicas están controladas por la geología. Los modelos geoquímicos revelaron la presencia de especies acuosas de arsénico, es decir, los arseniatos menos peligrosos en niveles no saturados, por lo que actualmente no representan una preocupación.
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