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Esta revisión comprende una descripción de los mecanismos propuestos para explicar el desarrollo de la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) y de las estrategias para su tratamiento a la luz de estos mecanismos, enfatizando la utilización de compuestos polifenólicos como agentes terapéuticos. Se analizan los efectos de especies reactivas de oxígeno ROS y presencia de metales redox en el desarrollo de EA y las estrategias de tratamiento, basadas en la actividad antioxidante y quelante de un medicamento y en sus alcances a través de vías de señalización. Dada la importancia de los polifenoles tipo flavonoides para el tratamiento de EA, se tienen en cuenta ejemplos con el flavonoide (-)-epigalocatequin-3-galato (EGCG), perteneciente a la familia de las catequinas. Es importante estudiar como intervienen los polifenoles a nivel celular (rol de su estructura química en la interacción con la célula y en su actividad biológica) con el fin de modular la interacción y las vías de señalización para lograr los efectos neurotróficos esperados. Los efectos in vitro, frecuentemente no corresponden a aquellos in vivo, dado que diferencias en concentraciones y condiciones de estudio hacen que las actividades química y biológica de un medicamento varíen. Esto puede ser debido en parte a la necesidad de un ajuste en concentraciones y tiempo entre los estudios pre clínicos y clínicos. Por otra parte, métodos de liberación eficientes deben ser investigados, teniendo en cuenta que un agente terapéutico para enfermedades neurológicas debería cruzar la barrera sanguínea-cerebral. La nanotecnología basada en sistemas de liberación controlada de medicamentos puede superar estas limitaciones. © 2016. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat. Todos los derechos reservados.Citas
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