Resumen
Nuestro argumento central parte de una definición general de singularidad como un punto en el tiempo en el que se pierde el control como consecuencia de la ruptura de los procesos a causa de un ritmo de cambio excesivo. En este escenario, la singularidad evolutiva podría definirse como el punto en el que la evolución artificial avanza tan rápido que la evolución natural no puede seguirle el ritmo. En la singularidad evolutiva, la edición de nuestro genoma, la inteligencia artificial y los cambios tecnológicos y ecológicos en nuestro planeta están generando una nueva cultura y una nueva ética. Según esta proyección, los poshumanos aparecerán porque la especie humana en su forma actual no representa el final de su evolución. Para comprender la interacción de las tecnologías convergentes hacia una singularidad que nos transformará en poshumanos, es importante redefinir el concepto de evolución humana para hacer frente a los avances en la edición de nuestro genoma, la inteligencia artificial, las interfaces hombre-ordenador, así como los cambios en nuestros entornos físicos, culturales, políticos y creativos. La síntesis evolutiva extendida (SEE) postula que, además de la selección natural, convergen en la evolución otras fuerzas dinámicas cambiantes en el tiempo y en el espacio. Las transformaciones de nuestra biosfera, junto con la aplicación de tecnologías para la edición de nuestro genoma y la mejora de las interfaces cerebro-ordenador, condicionarán nuevas adaptaciones en lo biológico, social y político. Esta nueva etapa de la humanidad será la de los poshumanos.
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