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El poli(ácido láctico) (PLA) es la alternativa biodegradable más prometedora para reemplazar los polímeros convencionales de base petroquímica en la fabricación de materiales de alto rendimiento.El objetivo de esta revisión es reportar los principales métodos de obtención de ácido poliláctico y discutir brevemente su funcionalización y aplicación en el campo de la liberación controlada de fármacos. Se hizo una búsqueda bibliográfica en bases de datos científicas y se muestran los resultados de algunas investigaciones de nuestro Grupo de Ciencia de los Materiales. Las modificaciones de PLA más utilizadas para su aplicación en los sistemas de administración de fármacos son la funcionalización con ácido glicólico (GA) y el etilenglicol (PEG) por copolimerización o mezcla, en la que el uso de compatibilizadores es importante para lograr una buena adhesión. Se discute la vectorización pasiva y activa, cuya elección depende del tamaño de la nanopartícula y del tipo de enfermedad a tratar.
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