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La catarata o pérdida de transparencia del cristalino es un trastorno de la visión muy invalidante que ha sufrido la humanidad a lo largo de la historia. En las últimas décadas se trata con éxito mediante la sustitución de la lente natural por una lente artificial intraocular. Este estudio se centra en los aspectos ópticos, desde el diseño del implante a los efectos en el sistema visual, y en dos temas relacionados con la formación de imágenes de gran interés actualmente: a) los diseños de lentes intraoculares que, además de eliminar la catarata, corrigen parcialmente la presbicia, y b) la calidad de una lente intraocular evaluada por dos vías metodológicas distintas: una óptica (in vitro), en el laboratorio, y otra visual (in vivo) mediante el examen clínico de pacientes con implante. Las métricas que correlacionan ambos métodos buscan una predictibilidad más ajustada de los resultados posoperatorios. Ante la gran variedad de lentes intraoculares existente en la actualidad, on propiedades ópticas notablemente diferentes, se hace necesaria una selección personalizada del implante que mejor se adapte a las características del paciente y tenga en cuenta su estilo de vida.
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