Resumen
El ruido vehicular se ha constituido en una problemática ambiental creciente que se expresa mayormente en las ciudades modernas y al cual se le ha prestado poca atención en los países en vías de desarrollo. Tal situación ha motivado a los autores del presente documento, a realizar un acercamiento al estado del arte de esta problemática, procurando no sólo una revisión amplia y rigurosa que identifica sus principales causas y consecuencias, sino también, sus soluciones a la luz del contexto propio de los países en vías de desarrollo.
Palabras clave
Citas
Abbott, P.G., Nelson, P.M. 2002. Converting the UK traffic noise index LA10,18h to EU noise indices for noise mapping. TRL Project Report PR/SE/451/02.
Abbott, P.G., Stephenson, S.J. 2006. Method for Converting the Uk Road Traffic Noise Index LA10,18h to the EU Noise Indices for Road Noise Mapping. TRL & Casella Stanger, http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/noise/research/crtn/pdf/noise-crtn-update2006.pdf.
Ali, S.A. 2004. Investigation of the dose-response relationship for road traffic noise in Assiut, Egypt. Applied Acoustics, 65:1113-1120.
Ali, S.A., Tamura, A. 2003. Road traffic noise levels, restrictions and annoyance in Greater Cairo, Egypt. Applied Acoustics, 64:815-823.
Alimohammadi, I., Nassiri, P., Behzad, M., Hosseini, M.R. 2005. Reliability Analysis of Traffic Noise Estimation in Highways of Tehran by Monte Carlo Simulation Method. Iranian Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering, Vol. 2(4):229-236.
Arana, M. 1989. Estudio del Ruido Ambiental en Pamplona. Tesis Doctoral. Universidad de Valencia.
Arana, M., Asian, J.M. 2001. Elaboración de Mapas Acústicos Mediante Técnicas Computacionales. Universidad Pública de Navarra. http://www.mappinginteractivo.com/plantilla-ante.asp?id_articulo=91.
Arana, M., García, A. 1998. A Social Survey on the Effects of Environmental Noise on the Residents of Pamplona, Spain. Applied Acoustics, 53(4):245-253.
Arana, B.M., García, A. 2001. Variación temporal de los niveles de contaminación sonora en Pamplona y Valencia. Tecniacústica, La Rioja 1-6.
Arana, M., Martínez de Vírgala, A., Aleixandre, A., San Martín, M.L., Vela, A. 2000. Modelos de Predicción del Ruido de Tráfico Rodado. Comparación de Diferentes Standards Europeos. Univ. Púb. de Navarra. http://www.sea-acustica.es/publicaciones/4350ba015.pdf.
Austroads. 2005. Modelling, Measuring and Mitigating Road Traffic Noise. Project No. TP1085, Sydney. http://www.austroads.com.au/.
Babisch, W. 2005. Traffic, noise and health. En: Environmental Health Impacts of Transport and Mobility, P. Nicolopoulou-Stamati et al. (eds) pp. 9-24. Springer, Netherlands.
Barrigón-Morillas, J.M., Gómez-Escobar, V., Méndez-Sierra, J.A., Vílchez-Gómez, R., Trujillo-Carmona, J. 2002. An environmental noise study in the city of Cáceres, Spain. Applied Acoustics 63:1061-1070.
Belojevic, G., Jakovljevic, B., Stojanov, V., Paunovic, K., Ilic, J. 2008. Urban road-traffic noise and blood pressure and heart rate in preschool children. Environment International, 34 :226-231.
Bhaskar, A., Chung, E., Kuwahara, M. 2007. Development and implementation of the areawide Dynamic ROad traffic NoisE (DRONE) simulator. Transportation Research Part D 12:371-378.
Bolund, P., Hunhammar, S. 1999. Ecosystem services in urban areas. Ecological Economics, 29:293-301.
Calixto, A., Diniz, F.B., Zannin, P.H.T. 2003. The statistical modeling of road traffic noise in an urban setting. Cities, 20(1):23-29.
Cameron, I., Lyons, T.J., Kenworthy, J.R. 2004. Trends in vehicle kilometres of travel in world cities, 1960-1990: underlying drivers and policy responses. Transport Policy 11(3):287-298.
Cammarata, G., Cavalieri, S., Fichera, A. 1995. A Neural Network Architecture for Noise Prediction. Neural Networks, 8(6):963-973.
Can, A., Leclercq, L., Lelong, J. 2007a. Dynamic estimation of urban traffic noise: Influence of traffic and noise source representations. Applied Acoustics, doi:10.1016/j.apacoust.2007.05.014.
Can, A.., Leclercq, L., Lelong, J., Defrance, J. 2007b. Capturing urban traffic noise dynamics through relevant descriptors. Applied Acoustics, doi:10.1016/j.apacoust.2007.09.006.
Carles, J.L., Barrio, I.L., de Lucio, J.V. 1999. Sound influence on landscape values. Landscape and Urban Planning, 43:191-200.
Chiquetto, S. 1997. The environmental impacts from the implementation of a pedestrianization scheme. Transp Res, 2(2):133-146.
COM. 2000. Propuesta de Directiva del parlamento europeo y del consejo sobre evaluación y gestión del ruido ambiental. Informe final 468. http://www.ruidos.org/Normas/Eur_32002L0049.html.
Committee on Models in the Regulatory Decision Process. National Research Council. 2007. Models in Environmental Regulatory Decision Making. The National Academies Press. Washington, D.C.
Committee to Review the NIOSH Hearing Loss Research Program. 2006. Hearing Loss Research at NIOSH: Reviews of Research Programs of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. The National Academic Press, Washington, D.C. Corrales, A., Henríquez, F. 2007.
Contaminación por Ruido Debido al Tráfico Vehicular: un Problema Diario que va en Aumento en la Ciudad de Panamá. Fac. Ing. Mecánica http://www.fim.utp.ac.pa/Revista/vol4/Corrales.html.
Cowling, E.B., Grodzinski, W., Breymeyer, A. 1990. Assessment and Management of Ecological Risks. En: Ecological Risks: Perspectives from Poland and the United States (Polish Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Sciences, Ps: 3 -13). The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C.
DAMA - Departamento Técnico Administrativo de Medio Ambiente. 2007 (consulta). http://www.dama.gov.co/ruido De Coensel, B., De Muer, T., Yperman, I., Botteldooren, D. 2005. The influence of traffic flow dynamics on urban soundscapes. Applied Acoustics, 66:175-194.
Demirel, H., Sertel, E., Kaya, S., Seker, D.Z. 2008. Exploring impacts of road transportation on environment: a spatial approach. Desalination, 226:279-288.
EC - European Communities. 1996. Commission Green Paper on Future Noise Policy [COM(96)540]. European Commission, Brussels.
EC - European Communities.. 2000. Position paper on EU noise indicators. Luxemburgo. http://ec.europa.eu/environment/noise/pdf/noiseindicators.pdf.
EC - European Commission Working Group Assessment of Exposure to Noise (WG-AEN). 2006. Good Practice Guide for Strategic Noise Mapping and the Production of Associated Data on Noise Exposure. Final Draft, V. 2. http://ec.europa.eu/environment/noise/pdf/wg_aen.pdf.
Efron, A. 1971. El mundo del sonido. Ed. Técnicas Marcombo, Buenos Aires.
El-Fadel, M., Shazbak, S., Baaj, M.H, Saliby, E. 2002. Parametric sensitivity analysis of noise impact of multihighways in urban areas. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 22:145-162.
EPA – U.S. 1974. Information on Levels of Environmental Noise Requisite to Protect Public Health and Welfare with an Adequate Margin of Safety EPA/ONAC 550/9-74-004, Washington D.C.
EPA – U.S. 1978. Protective noise levels. Condensed version of EPA levels document. Washington D.C.
EPA – U.S. 1998. Guidelines for Ecological Risk Assessment. EPA/630/R-95/002F. Washington D.C.
FHWA -Federal Highway Administration. 2004. Traffic Noise Model. Version 2.5 Look-up Tables. User’s Guide. U.S. Department of Transportation, FHWA-HEP-05-008. Final Report.
Fidell, S. 2003. The Schultz curve 25 years later: A research perspective. J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 114(6):3007-3015.
Frank, L.D., Stone, B. Jr., Bachman, W. 2000. Linking land use with household vehicle emissions in the central puget sound: methodological framework and findings. Transportation Research, 5:173-196.
FTA - Federal Transit Administration. 2006. Transit noise and vibration impact assessment. http://www.fta.dot.gov/documents/FTA_Noise_and_Vibration_Manual.pdf.
Gaja, E., Gimenez, A., Sancho, S., Reig, A. 2003. Sampling techniques for the estimation of the annual equivalent noise level under urban traffic conditions. Applied Acoustics, 64:43-53.
Galilea, P., Ortúzar, J de D. 2005. Valuing noise level reductions in a residential location context. Transportation Research Part D, 10:305-322.
Gandía, S. 2003. Curso de contaminación acústica. Facultad de Física, Dpto. de Termodinámica. Universidad de Valencia. http://www.uv.es~segarra/docencia/apuntes%20contam%20sonora/Cont%20Ac%A3st%2003-04t.pdf.
Garrigues, J.V., García, A. 1997. Análisis estadístico de los niveles de contaminación sonora medidos en diferentes zonas urbanas a lo largo de las 24 horas del día. Revista de Acústica, Vol. XIX(1 y 2):13-20.
Genaro, N., Torija, A., Ramos, A., Requena, I., Ruiz, D.P., Zamorano, M. 2009. Modeling environmental noise using artificial neural networks. En: Ninth International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Applications, pp. 215-219, Pisa.
Gidlöf-Gunnarsson, A., Öhrström, E. 2007. Noise and well-being in urban residential environments: The potential role of perceived availability to nearby green areas. Landscape and Urban Planning, 83:115-126.
González, A.E., Rocco, G. 2007. Contaminación Física en Ambiente Urbano: El Ruido. Fac. Ing. Univ. de la República. Montevideo. www.cepis.ops-oms.org/bvsaidis/ impactos/peru/urgctr008.pdf
Guoxia, M., Yujun, T., Tianzhen, J., Zhengwu, R. 2006. Assessment of traffic noise pollution from 1989 to 2003 in Lanzhou city. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 123:413-430.
Hamed, M., Effat, W. 2007. A GIS-based approach for the screening assessment of noise and vibration impacts from transit projects. Journal of Environmental Management, 84:305-313.
Harris,C.M. 1985. Manual de medidas acústicas y control del ruido. McGraw-Hill.
IDEAM – Instituto de Hidrología, Meteorología, y Estudios Ambientales. 2006. Convenio de asociación No. 112 de 2004 entre IDEAM, MAVDT, CDMB, Corantioquia, CAM, CAS, Corpoguajira, AMVA, la CCB para la ejecución del proyecto “Propuesta de Proyecto Marco de Reglamentación en Materia de Prevención y Control de la Contaminación Atmosférica y Elaboración de los Desarrollos Normativos para la Calidad del Aire, Fuentes Fijas, Fuentes Móviles, Ruido y Combustibles.”
Documento de Borrador. http://www.ideam.gov.co/biblio/paginaabierta/Documento%20soporte %20ruido.pdf Ingle, S.T., Pachpande, B.G., Wagh, N.D., Attarde, S.B. 2005.
Noise exposure and hearing loss among the traffic policemen working at busy streets of Jalgaon urban centre. Transportation Research Part D 10:69-75.
Janczur, R., Walerian, E., Czechowicz, M. 2006. Influence of vehicle noise emission directivity on sound level distribution in a canyon street. Part I: Simulation program test. Applied Acoustics, 67:643-658.
Kabisch, S. 1998. Interdependencies Between Ecological and Social Problems in Residential Areas. En: Urban Ecology, J. Breuste., H. Feldmann, O. Uhlmann (Eds.), ps. 17-22. Springer, Berlin. Kageyama, T., Kabuto, M., Nitta, N., Kurokawa, Y., Taira, K., Suzuki, S., Takemoto T. 1997. A cross-sectional study on insomnia among japanese adult women in relation to night-time road traffic noise. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 205(4):387-391.
Kang, J. 2002. Numerical modelling of the sound fields in urban streets with diffusely reflecting boundaries. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 258(5):793-813.
Katti, M., Warren, P.S. 2004. Tits, noise and urban bioacoustics. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 19(3):109-110.
Kim, K.S., Park, S.J., Kweon, Y.J. 2007. Highway traffic noise effects on land price in an urban area. Transportation Research Part D, 12:275-280.
King, R.P., Davis, J.R. 2003. Community Noise: Health Effects and Management. Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 206:123-131.
Kinsler, L.E., Frey, A.R., Coppens, A.B., Sanders, J.V. 1995. Fundamentos de acústica. Limusa, México.
Lebiedowska, B. 2005. Acoustic background and transport noise in urbanised areas: A note on the relative classification of the city soundscape. Transportation Research Part D 10:341-345.
Li, B., Tao, S. 2004. Influence of expanding ring roads on traffic noise in Beijing City. Applied Acoustics, 65:243-249.
Li, B., Tao, S., Dawson, R.W. 2002. Evaluation and analysis of traffic noise from the main urban roads in Beijing. Applied Acoustics, 63:1137-1142.
Maki, A.W., Slimak, M.W. 1990. The Role of Ecological Risk Assessment in Environmental Decision Making. En: Ecological Risks: Perspectives from Poland and the United States (Polish Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Sciences, Ps 77-87). The National Academies Press, Washington D.C.
Marek, M.J., Kassenberg, A.T. 1990. The Relationship Between Strategies of Social Development and Environmental Protection. En: Ecological Risks: Perspectives from Poland and the United States (Polish Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Sciences, Pg: 41-59). The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C.
McDonald, R. I. 2008. Global urbanization: can ecologists identify a sustainable way forward? Front Ecol Environ, 6(2):99-104.
Meiarashi, S., Ishida, M., Nakashiba, F., Niimi, H., Hasebe, M., Nakatsuji, T. 1996. Improvement in the Effect of Drainage Asphalt Road Surface on Noise Reduction. Applied Acoustics, 47(3):189-204.
Melo-Barbosa, A.S., Alves-Cardoso, M.R. 2005. Hearing loss among workers exposed to road traffic noise in the city of São Paulo in Brazil. Auris Nasus Larynx, 32:17-21.
Memoli, G., Paviotti, M., Kephalopoulos, S., Licitra, G. 2007. Testing the acoustical corrections for reflections on a façade. Appl. Acoust. doi:10.1016/j.apacoust.2007.05.006.
MAVDT - Ministerio de Ambiente, Vivienda y Desarrollo Territorial. 2006. Resolución 0627 de abril 7 de 2006. Bogotá.
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency. 1999. A guide to noise control in Minnesota. Minnesota. http://www.noisepollution.org/library/sndbasic/Sound.pdf.
Moser, G., Robin, M. 2006. Environmental annoyances: an urbanspecific threat to quality of life? Revue européenne de psychologie appliquée 56:35-41.
Naciones Unidas. 2001. World Urbanization Prospects, The 1999 Revision. New York: United Nations.
Naciones Unidas. 2004. World Urbanization Prospects: the 2003 Revision. http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wup2003/2003wup.htm.
Nelson, J.P. 2004. Meta-analysis of airport noise and hedonic property values: problems and prospects. J. Transport Econ. Pol., 38:1-27.
Nicol, F., Wilson, M. 2004. The effect of street dimensions and traffic density on the noise level and natural ventilation potential in urban canyons. Energy and Buildings, 36:423-434.
Nooralahiyan, A.Y., Kirby, H.R., Mckeown, D. 1998. Vehicle Classification by Acoustic Signature. Mathl. Comput. Modelling, 27(9-11):205-214.
OMS - Organización Mundial de la Salud. 1999. Guidelines for Community Noise. Birgitta Berglund, Thomas Lindvall, Dietrich H Schwela. (Eds.). http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html.
Pamanikabud, P., Tansatcha, M. 2003. Geographical information system for traffic noise analysis and forecasting with the appearance of barriers. Environmental Modelling & Software 18:959-973.
Picaut, J. 2002. Numerical modeling of urban sound fields by a diffusion process. Applied Acoustics, 63:965-991.
Picaut, J., Simon, L. 2001. A scale model experiment for the study of sound propagation in urban areas. Applied Acoustics, 62:327-340.
Puigdomènech, J., Jorge, J., Mulet, J. 1996. Acoustical Impact of Roads on Medium-Sized Mediterranean Coastal Towns. Applied Acoustics, 47:83-92.
Raimbault, M., Lavandier, C., Bérengier, M. 2003. Ambient sound assessment of urban environments: field studies in two French cities. Applied Acoustics, 64:1241-1256.
Raimbault, M., le Dubois, D. 2005. Urban soundscapes: Experiences and knowledge. Cities, 22(5):339-350.
Ramírez, A. 2012. Caracterización y modelación micro y macroscópica del ruido vehicular en la ciudad de Bogotá. Tesis Doctoral, Facultad Estudios Ambientales y Rurales, Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá.
Ribeiro, S.K., Balassiano, R. 1997. CO2 emissions from passenger transport in Rio de Janeiro. Transport Policy, 4(2):135-139.
Rivera, J., Guerry, A. 2008. Propuesta de Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental Vial para la Ciudad de La Plata. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, http://www.frlp.utn.edu.ar/lemac/Publicaciones/Del%202002/ v%20imp%20amb%20-%20Prov%20amb.pdf (consultado 2008).
Rylander, R., Björkman, M. 2002. Planning consequences of the maximum db(a) concept—a perspective. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 250(1):175-179.
Saadu, A.A., Onyeonwu, R.0., Ayorinde, E.0., Ogisi F.0. 1996. Community Attitudinal Noise Survey and Analysis of Eight Nigerian Cities. Applied Acoustics, 49(1):49-69.
Sandoval, R. 2000. Evaluación de la Contaminación por Ruido en la Localidad de Puente Aranda en Santa Fe de Bogotá, D.C. En Memorias Seminario Técnico Administrativo del Ruido Causado por Fuentes Móviles (Tráfico Rodado). DAMA, PNUD, Goethe-Institut de Bogotá. 25 y 26 de Sept. 2000. Bogotá. www.goethe. de/hn/bog/ruido/rasmusse.pdf
Sasazawa, Y., Kawada, T., Kiryu, Y., Suzuki S. 2004. The relation ship between traffic noise and insomnia among adult japanese women. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 277:547-557.
Skånberg, A., Öhrström, E. 2002. Adverse health effects in relation to urban residential soundscapes. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 250(1):151-155.
Tang, U.W., Wang Z.S. 2007. Influences of urban forms on traffic-induced noise and air pollution: Results from a modelling system Environmental. Modelling & Software, 22:1750-1764.
Thorsson, P.J., Ögren, M. 2005. Macroscopic modeling of urban traffic noise – influence of absorption and vehicle flow distribution. Applied Acoustics, 66:195-209.
Tree Trust & Bonestroo. 2007. City trees. Sustainability guidelines & best practices. www.treetrust.org.
Trombetta, P.H. 2006. Occupational noise in urban buses. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 36:901-905.
Trombetta, P.H., Diniz, F.B., Barbosa, W.A. 2002. Environmental noise pollution in the city of Curitiba, Brazil. Applied Acoustics, 63:351-358.
Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. Consulta 2008. Guía de aplicación. Calidad ambiental en la edificación para Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. Islas canarias. Manuales de diseño Icaro. http://editorial.dca.ulpgc.es/ftp/ambiente/00-Apuntes-2006/3-Clima/Clima-R.pdf.
Viollon, S., Lavandier, C., Drake, C. 2002. Influence of visual setting on sound ratings in an urban environment. Applied Acoustics, 63:493-511.
Vitoria-Gasteiz. 2007. Plan de Acción Ambiental de la Agenda 21 de Vitoria-Gasteiz, 2002-2007. http://www.vitoria-gasteiz.org/ceac/agenda21/indicadores/01contamina cion.html.
Warren, P.S., Katti, M., Ermann, M., Brazel, A. 2006. Urban bioacoustics: it’s not just noise. Animal Behaviour, 71:491-502.
Williams, I.D., McCraeb, I.S. 1995. Road traffic nuisance in residential and commercial areas. The Science of the Total Environment, 169:75-82.
Winters, M., Friesen, M.C., Koehoorn, M., Teschke, K. 2007. Utilitarian Bicycling. A Multilevel Analysis of Climate and Personal Influences. Am J Prev Med, 32(1):53-58.
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Derechos de autor 2023 Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales