Resumen
El cierre progresivo de grandes minas a cielo abierto, como el del Cerrejón en el 2034, exige resolver la financiación de pasivos ambientales que incluyen décadas de monitoreo, manejo hídrico, estabilidad de taludes e intervenciones para prevenir la combustión espontánea y la subsidencia. Una o varias plantas de ciclo ultra-supercrítico en el valle del Cesar-Ranchería que quemaran carbón colombiano e inyectaran el CO2 resultante en reservorios profundos del Valle Inferior del Magdalena podrían proveer firmeza adicional al sistema eléctrico colombiano y le darían sustento financiero a la gerencia y el mantenimiento futuro de los pasivos ambientales causados por esa misma minería en décadas pasadas. La intensidad de carbono de las plantas de ciclo ultra-supercrítico es comparable o menor que las intensidades estimadas para el gas metano importado que actualmente respalda el sistema eléctrico nacional, y podrían llegar a ser mínimas si se inyectan y almacenan en reservorios profundos, como la Formación Ciénaga de Oro en el Valle Inferior del Magdalena, localizada solo a 30 km de zonas de minería actuales. Esta hoja de ruta conceptual articula la generación termoeléctrica a partir de carbón colombiano y tecnologías de alta eficiencia y bajas emisiones con el almacenamiento geológico de CO2. Dicha integración permitiría adicionar firmeza energética, sostener el empleo y la infraestructura regional y generar un flujo estable de recursos para la gestión de pasivos ambientales.
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