Palabras clave
Arqueología
América
Colombia
Cambio climático y medioambiental
Cómo citar
Descargas
Societal impact
Resumen
La paleolimnología, es decir, el estudio de los sedimentos de lagos y humedales, proporciona un medio poderoso para reconstruir las interacciones a largo plazo entre el clima, el medio ambiente y las sociedades humanas. A partir de ejemplos de las Américas, donde los registros de sedimentos han aclarado los contextos ambientales y las consecuencias ecológicas de la agricultura, la deforestación, la ingeniería hidráulica y el cambio demográfico, examinamos cómo dichos archivos pueden fortalecer la interpretación arqueológica. Las secuencias de sedimentos preservan evidencia estratificada e independientemente fechada de la variabilidad hidroclimática, el cambio de vegetación, la historia de incendios, la erosión, la carga de nutrientes y otros indicadores de perturbación antropogénica que a menudo son inaccesibles solo a través de la arqueología. Enfocándonos en Colombia, planteamos que los datos paleolimnológicos pueden mejorar significativamente la interpretación de sociedades prehispánicas como la Tairona, Zenú, Muisca, Calima, Quimbaya, Tierradentro, San Agustín y Tumaco-La Tolita. Aunque Colombia tiene una larga tradición de investigación paleoecológica, la mayoría de los estudios previos enfatizaron el cambio natural del clima y la vegetación del Holoceno en lugar de plantear preguntas explícitamente arqueológicas. Por lo tanto, el artículo propone una agenda de investigación integrada que utiliza registros de sedimentos de múltiples indicadores (multiproxy) para investigar el uso de la tierra, la gestión del agua, el fuego, la erosión del suelo, la metalurgia y las dimensiones ambientales del cambio social. La rica prehistoria de Colombia y sus abundantes archivos de sedimentos la convierten en un escenario excepcional para este enfoque interdisciplinario.
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