Palabras clave
campos críticos (Hc1, Hc2)
densidad de corriente (J)
Profundidad de penetración (λ)
longitud de coherencia (ξ)
dopaje de calcio
superconductores de alta Tc
Cómo citar
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Societal impact
Resumen
Se presenta aquí una investigación combinada, teórica y experimental, de las propiedades estructurales, energéticas y electrónicas de sistemas superconductores REBa₁.₉Ca₀.₁Cu₃O₇₋δ (REBa₁.₉), donde RE = Ho, Dy, Gd y Sm. Los cálculos basados en la teoría del funcional de la densidad (DFT) revelaron que los parámetros de red disminuyeron sistemáticamente al reducirse el radio iónico del elemento de tierras raras, lo que se ajustó a la contracción estructural esperada. Todos los compuestos presentaron energías de formación negativas, lo que confirmó su estabilidad termodinámica. Las sustituciones de RE³⁺ fueron energéticamente favorables, especialmente para los elementos de tierras raras más pesados, contribuyendo así a una mayor estabilización de la red cristalina. La sustitución parcial de Ba²⁺ por Ca²⁺ también resultó energéticamente viable y preservó la integridad estructural, en tanto que la sustitución total se tornó desfavorable debido al aumento de la deformación de la red. El análisis de la densidad de estados (DOS) evidenció que la incorporación de Ca modificó la estructura electrónica al introducir estados Ca-d cerca del nivel de Fermi, lo que puede influir en el comportamiento superconductor. Experimentalmente, las sustituciones de RE y Ca influyeron de manera significativa en parámetros superconductores críticos como la densidad de corriente crítica (Jᶜ), la longitud de coherencia (ξᶜ) y la profundidad de penetración magnética (λₐᵦ), debido a microestructuras modificadas y a mecanismos de anclaje de vórtices. El campo crítico superior H꜀₂(T), estimado mediante ajustes con el modelo de Hao–Clem y el modelo de dos fluidos, mostró una clara mejora con el dopaje parcial con Ca y la sustitución de RE. Este aumento de H꜀₂(0) sugiere una mayor tolerancia a campos magnéticos externos y una mejor estabilidad superconductora. El campo crítico reducido H꜀₂(0)/T꜀₀ fue notablemente mayor en los compuestos basados en Sm, lo que confirmó su mejor desempeño superconductor bajo campos aplicados.
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