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Abstract
The Andino-Amazonian region of the department of Caquetá in Colombia is known for its high species biodiversity and wide variety of aquatic ecosystems. Our study analyzed the Ephemeroptera order distribution along an altitudinal gradient in the Caquetá region to validate the Rapoport rule and identify the probable taxonomic turnover. We defined three study regions: Andes, Transition, and Amazonas, where biological samples were collected during four field trips between 2021 and 2022. In the data analysis, we estimated the Hill numbers based on observed richness (q.0), the Shannon-Wiener diversity (q.1), and the Gini-Simpson index (q.2). Additionally, we used a non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) cluster analysis to explore species turnover, and a simple linear regression model to corroborate the Rapoport rule. Our results revealed three altitudinal ranges: broad in the Andes region, medium in the Andes transition region, and restricted in Amazonas. The NMDS analysis distinguished two sets, indicating species turnover between the Andes mountain range and the Amazon, with an ANOSIM p-value = 0.001. The q.0, q.1, and q.2 estimates showed a negative relationship with the Rapoport rule. However, its scope limited to a regional scale on the Andes, not the entire altitudinal gradient. Thus, we found a relationship in the study region between the altitudinal gradient, species turnover, and the diversity of the Ephemeroptera order estimates.
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References
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