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It is now 10 years since the first high-temperature superconductor was discovered. This evento leads to a revolution in the physics of the last part of the present century. In this article the background leading to their discovery and the heady events during these years will be described. The two-dimensional layer-like and anisotropic structure of these materials, as well as the basic properties of the superconducting cuprates are emphasized. Our present theoretical understanding of the physical nature of their superconducting behavior will be described. A discussion is given of the application of these new materials and likely near future developments.
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