Abstract
In the first part of this review article (Valencia & Khachatourians, 1998) we presented the special opportunity that entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) offer for integrated pest management (IPM) in the Latin Americas. As expected, along with the opportunities, there are challenges for the use of EPF. First that there are only two fungi, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, for which sorne prerequisite knowledge of basic and applied mycology for industrial research and development (R & D) are in place. Because of precedent setting leadership in the development of certain EPF, e.g., B. bassiana in 1PM, Latin America stands to contribute to and gain from future discovery research coupled to a strong and dependable industrialization effort. There is also need to develop the framework for public acceptance, newer commercialization potential and widespread use of EPF in 1PM. Here we examine issues that are prerequisites for industrial R & D.
References
Bidochka, J. M. Pfeifer, T. A. & G. G. Khachatourians. 1987. Development of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana in liquid cultures. Mycopathologia 99: 77-83.
Bidochka, M. J. & G. G. Khacbatourians, 1992. Growth of the entomopathogen ic fungus Beauveria bassiana on cuticular components from the migrato ry grass hopper, Melanoplus sanguinipes. Joumal of Invertebrate Pathology 59: 165-173.
Boucias, D.G., Mazet, I, Pendl and J. & S.Y. Hong, 1995. Comparative analysis of the in vivo and in vitro metabolites produced by the entomopathogen Beauveria bassiana. Canadian journal of Botany 73: S1092-S1099.
Chelico, L. & G. G. Khachatourians. 1999. Initial characterization of coldsensitive mutants of the entomopathogen, Beauveria bassiana. Programme JointAnnual Meeting, Canadian Entomological Society and Entomological Society of Saskatchewan, September 25-29, Abstracts, pg. 37.
Dove, A.1999. Bt resistace plan appraised. Nature Biotechnology. 17: 531-532.
Dowd, P. 1988. Detoxification of mycotoxins by insects. In Mullin C.A. Scott, J. G. (eds.). Molecular mechanisms of insecticide resistance: diversity among insects. American Chemistry Society Press. Washington DC. pp. 264-275.
Epstein, J. A seedy business. 1999. Latin Trade 7(10): 26-27.
Feng, M-G., Poprawski, T.J. & G. G. K. hachatouriam. 1994. Production, formulation and application of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana for insect control worldwide. Biocontrol Science and Technology 4: 3-34.
Frankland J. C., Magan , N., &· G.M. Gadd, 1996. Fungi and environemntal change. Cambridge Universtiy Press. Cambridge, U.K.
Hayden, T. P. Bidochka, M. J. & G. G. Khachatourians. 1992. Entomopathogenecity of several fungi towards the English grain aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) and enhancement of viru1ence with host passage of Paecilomyces farinosus. Journal of Economic Entomology 85:58-64
Hegedus, D. D. & G. G. Khacbatourians. 1993a Construction of cloned DNA probes for the specific detection of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana in grasshoppers. Journal of lnvertebrate Pathology 62: 233-240.
Hegedus, D. D. & G. G. Khacbatourians. 1993b. Identification of molecular variants in mitochondrial DNAs of members of the genera Beauveria Verticillium Paecilomyces Tolypocladium and Metarhizium. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 59: 4283-4288.
Hegedus, D. D. & G. G. 1994. lsolation and characterization of conditional lethal mutants of Beuaveria bassiana. Canadian Joumal of Microbiology. 40: 766-776.
Hegedus, D. D. & G. G. 1996a. Detection of the entomopathogenic fungus.1996a. Detection of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana within infected migratory grasshoppers (Melanoplus sanguinipes) using polymerase chain reaction and DNA probe. Journal of lnvertebrate Pathology 67: 21-27.
Hegedus, D. D. & G. G. 1996b. Identification and differentiation of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana using polymerase chain reaction and single-strand confonnation polymorphism analysis. Joumal oflnvertebrate Pathology 67: 289-299.
Hegedus, D. D. & G. G. 1996c. The effects of temperature on the pathogenicity of heat-sensitive mutants of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana toward the migratory grasshopper Melanoplus sanguinipes. Journal of lnvertebrate Pathology 68: 160-165.
Hegedus, D. D. & G. G. 1996d. Analysis of cellular defense reactions of the migratory grasshopper Melanoplus sanguinipes., infected with heatsensistive mutants of Beauveria bassiana. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 68: 166-169.
Jeffs, L. B. & G. G. Khachatourians. 1997. Estimation of spore hydrophobicity for members of the genera Beauveria, Merarhizium and Tolypocladium by salt-mediated aggregation and sedimentation. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 43: 23-28.
Jeffs, L. B., Xavier, l. J., Mattai, R., & G. G. Khachatourians. 1997. Estimation of spore hydrophobicity for members of the genera Beauveria, Metarhizium and Tolypocladium by salt-mediated aggregation and sedimentation. Canadian Joumal of Microbiology 43: 23-28.
Khachatourians, G. G. 1992 . Virulence of five Beauveria strains Paecilomyces farinosus and Verticillium Jecanii against the migratory grasshopper Melanoplus sanguinipes. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 59:212-214.
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc-nd/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2024 Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales