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Abstract
The infection caused by the HTLV-1/II viruses seems to have an ethnic and geographic distribution among Amerindians and other native populations worldwide. In Colombia, an endemic focus has been identified among the Afrocolombian populations inhabiting the southeast coast of the country, but not populations from the Caribbean Coast. A geographic and ethnic distribution of HTLV-I and HTLV-II infections appears to be mutually exclusive among native populations in the world. Other HTLV-II foci have been previously described among several native Amerindian groups in South America and Colombia.
In order to investigate the ethnic background of HTLV-1/II infections, we conducted this study to associate the ethnic and geographic distributions of HTLV-1/II infection with the genetic diversity of HLA. As a result, we analyzed the HLA-DNA polymorphism of DRB1* and DQB1* alleles in individuals from three different ethnic origins: mestizos, Amerindians (Wayuu), and two Afro-Colombian populations from Palenque Bolivar, an endogamic subpopulation living near Cartagena de Indias, and from Baru, a similar population living on an island in front of Cartagena de Indias.
We also analyzed the association between the HLA-Class I DNA polymorphism of HLA-A* and HLA-C* allele-types and the absence of HTLV-1/II infections among Afrocolombians involved in this study. Sera collected from 157 Wayuu Indians, 100 mestizos, and 480 Afro-Colombians were screened for HTLV-1/II antibodies using two different techniques: a passive agglutination test (PA, Serodia, Fujirobio, Tokyo) and a micro Elisa test (Murex, Enzyme immunoassay for detecting antibodies against HTLV-1/II). All samples belonging to mestizos and Afro-Colombian people were negative; 11 Wayuu sera were tested by W-B giving us an overall HTLV-II seroprevalence of 7%.
HLA Class II DNA typing was performed on 41 unrelated Wayuu Indians, 75 mestizos, and 100 Afro-Colombians for HLA Class II. HLA DNA Class I polymorphism was studied in a sample of 50 DNA representatives of Afro-Colombian groups. The most frequent alleles in the Wayuu Indians were DRB10411 (46%) and DQB10302 (83%). For HLA-Class I alleles, the following antigens were detected: HLA-A02, A2301, A6801 l/12/02, and HLA-A3001. For HLA-C* alleles, the most frequently expressed were: CW0302, C0303, CW04, and CW08. These findings suggest a genetic and ethnic restriction of the susceptibility to be infected with this virus and could also explain the geographic and ethnic distribution of HTLV-II infection in these groups.
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References
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