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Staminate flowers, androecium, and pollen of Siparuna aspera (Siparunaceae) were examined by using light and electron microscopy techniques. The presence of three decussate whorls of two stamens in Siparuna, each whorl with two opposite stamens, is reported for the first time. A structure in the floral center was also found that could correspond to a vestigial style. The tapetum of Siparuna is here reported for the first time as being secretory. Pollen of S. aspera is globose and inaperturate. The exine is differentiated into sexine and nexine; the sexine is formed by an undulate, continuous, granulose, thin tectum, and by globose-conical columellae; the tips of the latter project through the tectum and form the echinulate sculpture of the grain. The nexine is continuous and differentiated into a lamellar foot layer and a granulose endexine. The intine is also continuous and its inner border is irregular. All these features reinforce the close phylogenetic relationship between Siparuna and Glossocalyx shown also by molecular data. Floral and palynological characters are extremely variable and conflicting within order Laurales, including Siparunaceae, Atherospermataceae, Gomortegaceae, Hernandiaceae, and Monimiaceae. Therefore, more floral ontogenetic, pollen ultrastructure, and phylogenetic studies of these families are necessary in order to get a better approach on the evolution of such characters in order Laurales.
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