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Abstract
The main components of biomass are organic macromolecules: carbohydrates, lignin and proteins. The abundance of ether-like and ester bonds in their mesomeric units does them susceptible to be depolymerized and the usage of a hydrothermal atmosphere allows us to choose the predominant route: hydrolysis or dehydration, decarboxylation and scission of functional groups. In this review are compiled hydrothermal reaction pathways, specially polysaccharides and lignanes, these ones are the main molecules that contribute to chemical diversity and fuel properties in lignocellulosic biomass hydrothermal conversion products, due to the oxygen content reduction in these macromolecules and the inherent raise of heating value. The hydrophobic products from liquefaction and partial hydrothermal gasification of biomass components can be used as bio-fuel.
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