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- Claudia Elizabeth Torres-Pineda, José Daniel Pabón-Caicedo, Intraseasonal variability of precipitation in Colombia and its relationship with the Madden-Julian oscillation , Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales: Vol. 41 No. 158 (2017)
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Abstract
Based on the analysis of the data on sea surface temperature and pH recorded in sectors of the Colombian Caribbean and Pacific coast, we identified the long term trends which locally represent the global ocean warming and acidification phenomena. Based on these changes we deduced the potential impacts on the marine ecosystems. A rise of about 0.23ºC/decade in the sea surface temperature for the Caribbean Sea and of 0.18ºC/decade for the Pacific Ocean was evidenced. We also found a reduction of approximately 0,071 units/decade in the pH for the Caribbean Sea, and of 0,090 units/decade for the Pacific Ocean in the sectors under study. The estimation of the change in the sea surface temperature for the end of the 21st century suggests an increase of about 2ºC compared to the temperature observed at the beginning of this century. At the end of the 21st century the pH might be 0,5 units lower under the conditions of the A2 extreme scenario. Based on the review of the evidences published by other authors about the impacts caused on ecosystems by the recent sea temperature increase and the pH reduction, it can be assumed that Colombian ecosystems will be dramatically impacted given that changes in the physical environment are greater than those reported up today, a situation that will worsen with time. © Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat. 2015.Malone, T., Davidson, M., DiGiacomo, P., Gonçalves, E., Knap,T., Muelbert, J., Parslow, J., Sweijd, N., Yanagai, T., Yap,H.2010. Climate change, sustainable development andcoastal ocean. Information needs. Procedia EnvironmentalSciences.1:324-341.Martínez, M. L., Intralawan, A., Vásquez, G., Pérez-Maqueo,O., Sutton, P., Landgrave, R.2007.The coasts of ourworld: Ecological, economic and social importance.Ecological Economics.63:254-272.Marsh G.2005. Seawater pH and anthropogenic carbon dioxide.Argonne National Laboratory. University of Chicago.USA. 15 p.McNeil B.I.2006. Oceanic implications for climate changepolicy. Environmental Science & Policy.9:595-606.Miller, K., Charles, A. C., Barange, M., Brander, K., Gallucci,V. F., Gasalla, M. A., Khan, A., Munro, G., Murtugudde,R., Ommer, R. E., Perry, R. I.2010. Climate change,uncertainty, and resilient fisheries: Institutional responsesthrough integrative science. Progress in Oceanography.87(1-4): 338-346.Mooney, H., Larigauderie, A., Cesario, M., Elmquist, T., Hoegh-Guldberg, O., Lavorel, S., Mace, G. M., Palmer, M.,Scholes, R., Yahara, T.2009. Biodiversity, climate changeand ecosystem services. Current Opinion in EnvironmentalSustainability.1:46-54.Nakano, Y. & Watanabe, Y. W.2005. Reconstruction of pH inthe surface seawater over the North Pacific Basin for allseasons using temperature and chlorophyll-a.Journal ofOceanography.61:673-680.Pabón, J. D.2012. Cambio climático en Colombia: tendencias enla segunda mitad del siglo XX y escenarios posibles para elsiglo XXI.Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc.36(139): 127-144.Perry, R. I., Barange, M., Ommer, R. E.2010a. Global changesin marine systems: A social-ecological approach. Progressin Oceanography.87(1-4): 331-337.Perry, R. I., Ommer, R. E., Barange, M., Werrner, F.2010b. Thechallenge of adapting marine social-ecological systems tothe additional stress of climate change. Current Opinion inEnvironmental Sustainability,2:356-363.Pierce, D. W., Barnett, T. P., AchutaRao, K. M., Glecker, P. J.,Gregory, J. M., Washington, W. M.2006. Anthropogenicwarming of the ocean: Observations and model results.Journal of Climate.19:1873-1900.Porzio, L., Buia, M. C., Hall-Spencer, J. M.2011. Effects ofocean acidification on macroalgal communities. Journalof Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology.400(1-2):278-287.Putnam, H. M. & Edmunds, P. J.2011. The physiologicalresponse of reef corals to diel fluctuations in seawatertemperature. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology andEcology.396(2): 216-223.Remoundou, K., Koundouri, P., Kontogianni, A., Nunes, P.A. L. D., Skourtos, M.2009. Valuation of natural marineecosystems: An economic perspective. EnvironmentalScience & Policy.12:1040-1051.Rojas, P. J.2013. La expresión del cambio global en las variablesfísico-químicas del medio marino regional y su impactoen los ecosistemas marino-costeros colombianos. Tesispara optar al título de Magister en Geografía. UniversidadNacional de Colombia. Bogotá, D. C., Colombia. 118 p.Rodrigues, L. C., van den Bergh, J. C. J. M., Ghermandi, A.2013.Socio-economic impacts of ocean acidification in theMediterranean Sea. Marine Policy.38:447-456.Ruckelshaus, M., Doney, S. C., Galindo, H. M., Barry, J. P.,Chan, F., Duffy, J. E., English, C. A., Gaines, S. D.,Grebmeier, J. M., Hollowed, A. B., Knowlton, N.,Polovina, J., Rabalais, N. N., Sydeman, W. J., Talley, L.D.2013. Securing ocean benefits for society in the face ofclimate change.Marine Policy.40:154-159.Ruiz, F.2010. Cambio climático en temperatura, precipitacióny humedad relativa para Colombia usando modelosmeteorológicos de alta resolución (panorama 2011-2100).Nota Técnica de IDEAM, No. IDEAM–METEO/005-2010,Bogotá D.C., 91 p.Sheppard, C. &Rioja-Nieto, R.2005. Sea surface temperature1871–2099 in 38 cells in the Caribbean region. MarineEnvironmental Research.60(3): 389-396.Short, F. T. & Neckles, H. A.1999. The effects of global climatechange on seagrasses. Aquatic Botany.63(3-4): 169-196.Solano, O. D.1994. Corales, formaciones arrecifales y blanquea-miento de 1987 en Bahía Portete (Guajira, Colombia).An.Inst Invest. Mar. Punta Betín.23:149-163.The Royal Society.2005. Ocean acidification due to increasingatmospheric carbon dioxide. Policy document. The ClyvedonPress Ltd. Cardiff, UK. 60 p.Vargas-Ángel, B., Zapata, F. A., Hernández, H., Jiménez, J. M.2001. Coral and coral responses to the 1997-98 El Niñoevent on the Pacific coast of Colombia. Bulletin of MarineScience.69(1): 111-132.Veron, J. E. N., Hoegh-Guldberg, O., Lenton, T. M., Lough,J. M., Obura, D. O. , Pearce-Kelly, P., Sheppard, C.R. C., Spalding, M. , Stafford-Smith M. G., Rogers,A. D.2009. The coral reef crisis: The critical importanceof <350 ppm CO2. Marine Pollution Bulletin.58:1428-1436.Waycott, M., Collier, C., McMahon, K., McKenzie, R. P., Udy,L., Alana, J., Alana, G.2007. Vulnerability of seagrassesin the Great Barrier Reef to climate change. In: ClimateChange and the Great Barrier Reef: A vulnerabilityassessment. Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority andAustralian Greenhouse Office. Townsville, QLD, Australia.p. 193-236.Widdicombe, S. & J. I. Spicer.2008. Predicting the impact ofocean acidification on benthic biodiversity: What cananimal physiology tell us? Journal of Experimental MarineBiology and Ecology.366:187-197.Zapata, L. A.2002. Effects of El Niño and La Niña on theFisheries of the Colombian Pacific. Investig. Mar.30(1):205-206.
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Perry, R. I., Barange, M., Ommer, R. E. 2010a. Global changes in marine systems: A social-ecological approach. Progress in Oceanography. 87 (1-4): 331-337.
Perry, R. I., Ommer, R. E., Barange, M., Werrner, F. 2010b. The challenge of adapting marine social-ecological systems to the additional stress of climate change. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 2: 356-363.
Pierce, D. W., Barnett, T. P., AchutaRao, K. M., Glecker, P. J., Gregory, J. M., Washington, W. M. 2006. Anthropogenic warming of the ocean: Observations and model results. Journal of Climate. 19: 1873-1900.
Porzio, L., Buia, M. C., Hall-Spencer, J. M. 2011. Effects of ocean acidification on macroalgal communities. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 400 (1-2): 278-287.
Putnam, H. M. & Edmunds, P. J. 2011. The physiological response of reef corals to diel fluctuations in seawater temperature. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 396 (2): 216-223.
Remoundou, K., Koundouri, P., Kontogianni, A., Nunes, P. A. L. D., Skourtos, M. 2009. Valuation of natural marine ecosystems: An economic perspective. Environmental Science & Policy. 12: 1040-1051.
Rojas, P. J. 2013. La expresión del cambio global en las variables físico-químicas del medio marino regional y su impacto en los ecosistemas marino-costeros colombianos. Tesis para optar al título de Magister en Geografía. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá, D. C., Colombia. 118 p.
Rodrigues, L. C., van den Bergh, J. C. J. M., Ghermandi, A.2013. Socio-economic impacts of ocean acidification in the Mediterranean Sea. Marine Policy. 38: 447-456.
Ruckelshaus, M., Doney, S. C., Galindo, H. M., Barry, J. P., Chan, F., Duffy, J. E., English, C. A., Gaines, S. D., Grebmeier, J. M., Hollowed, A. B., Knowlton, N., Polovina, J., Rabalais, N. N., Sydeman, W. J., Talley, L. D. 2013. Securing ocean benefits for society in the face of climate change. Marine Policy. 40: 154-159.
Ruiz, F. 2010. Cambio climático en temperatura, precipitación y humedad relativa para Colombia usando modelos meteorológicos de alta resolución (panorama 2011-2100). Nota Técnica de IDEAM, No. IDEAM–METEO/005-2010, Bogotá D.C., 91 p.
Sheppard, C. &Rioja-Nieto, R. 2005. Sea surface temperature 1871–2099 in 38 cells in the Caribbean region. Marine Environmental Research. 60 (3): 389-396.
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Vargas-Ángel, B., Zapata, F. A., Hernández, H., Jiménez, J. M.2001. Coral and coral responses to the 1997-98 El Niño event on the Pacific coast of Colombia. Bulletin of Marine Science. 69 (1): 111-132.
Veron, J. E. N., Hoegh-Guldberg, O., Lenton, T. M., Lough, J. M., Obura, D. O. , Pearce-Kelly, P., Sheppard, C. R. C., Spalding, M. , Stafford-Smith M. G., Rogers, A. D. 2009. The coral reef crisis: The critical importance of <350 ppm CO2. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 58: 1428-1436.
Waycott, M., Collier, C., McMahon, K., McKenzie, R. P., Udy, L., Alana, J., Alana, G. 2007. Vulnerability of seagrasses in the Great Barrier Reef to climate change. In: Climate Change and the Great Barrier Reef: A vulnerability assessment. Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority and Australian Greenhouse Office. Townsville, QLD, Australia. p. 193-236.
Widdicombe, S. & J. I. Spicer. 2008. Predicting the impact of ocean acidification on benthic biodiversity: What can animal physiology tell us? Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 366: 187-197.
Zapata, L. A. 2002. Effects of El Niño and La Niña on the Fisheries of the Colombian Pacific. Investig. Mar. 30 (1): 205-206.
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In case the article is approved for publication, the main author in representation of himself and his co-authors or the main author and his co-authors must cede the author rights of the corresponding article to the Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, except in the following cases:
The authors and co-authors will retain the right to revise, adapt, prepare derived works, oral presentations, and distribution to some colleagues of reprints of their own published work, if the corresponding credit is given to the Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. It is also permissible to publish the title of the work, summary, tables, and figures of the work in the corresponding web sites of the authors or their employers, also giving credit to the Revista.
If the work has been realized under contract, the author’s employer has the right to revise, adapt, prepare derivative works, reproduce, or distribute in hard copy the published work, in a secure manner and for the exclusive use of his employees.
If the Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales were approached for permission by a third party for using, printing, or publishing specifically articles already published, the Revista must obtain the express permission of the author and co-authors of the work or of the employer except for use in classrooms, libraries, or reprinted in a collective work. The Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales reserves the possible use in its front cover of figures submitted with the manuscripts.
No other right, other than the author’s right, can be claimed by the Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales.