Abstract
Ariid catfishes are model study organisms because they inhabit all tropical and subtropical seas worldwide, occurring in continental coastal waters as well as lower basins of coastal rivers and marine estuaries. The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of environmental dynamics on dietary variation and the incidental ingestion of microplastics (MPs) by commercial catfish in Tumaco Bay, Colombian Pacific. Sampling was conducted at four stations grouped into two zones: the external zone (greater marine influence) and the internal zone (greater anthropogenic pressure) of the Bay. Samples were collected during the rainy season (January–June) and the dry season (July–September). Three types of fishing gear were used per station (trawl net, gillnet, and longline), and several parameters were measured in situ: pH, temperature, salinity, conductivity, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, and transparency. In the laboratory, 409 stomachs belonging to 13 species were examined, of which the four most commercially important species with the highest capture numbers were analyzed (Ariopsis simonsi, Bagre pinnimaculatus, Notarius troschelli, and Cathorops multiradiatus). Stomach contents were classified into six categories: crustaceans, fish, annelids, mollusks, detritus, and MPs. The main results showed that B. pinnimaculatus and A. simonsi are characterized by the ingestion of crustaceans as high-importance prey according to the Index of Relative Importance (IRI 40–100%), with greater significance in the external estuary, where high values of salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, and greater transparency were present. Additionally, approximately 25% of the total individuals evaluated had MPs in their stomach contents (fibers or fragments), with B. pinnimaculatus showing the highest MP incidental ingestion (47%). We concluded that the trophic habits of fish in the family Ariidae (catfish) were generalist, allowing them to efficiently exploit the prey available in their habitat. Spatiotemporal variations in environmental variables do affect prey availability; for instance, N. troschelli, A. simonsi, and B. pinnimaculatus had a higher incidental MP ingestion in the external estuary, where environmental variables (salinity, dissolved oxygen, and transparency) are associated with a greater abundance and richness of macroinvertebrates, and MPs are masked, leading to the incidental ingestion of these pollutants.
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