Abstract
The vermetid gastropod Eualetes tulipa (Rousseau, 1843) is recorded for the first time in the Colombian Caribbean. It is the second documented case of an invasive marine gastropod in the region. The species was observed in shallow waters on both artificial and natural substrates. Its identification was confirmed through morphological analysis (radula, operculum, and shell), molecular techniques (DNA barcoding), and historical records. Recent evidence of its presence in the Colombian Caribbean includes field photographs taken in 2016 at Isla Arena (Department of Bolívar) and Puerto Velero and its surroundings (Department of Atlántico). However, the invasion likely began earlier, with shells documented further northward from a nearby shipwreck at El Rodadero, Santa Marta (Department of Magdalena) as early as 1998. This timing is close to the first documented Caribbean record of the species in 1992 (Venezuela). The ecological impact of E. tulipa in the Colombian Caribbean remains unknown. Given the genetic similarity between the Colombian Caribbean specimens and individuals from Hawaii, our findings suggest a likely transoceanic introduction, potentially facilitated by maritime transport. Considering the extensive connectivity of international shipping routes, particularly those linking the Pacific and the Caribbean through the Panama Canal, it is important to monitor and manage E. tulipa as an invasive species. Its continued spread poses a significant threat to native biodiversity in Colombia and across the Caribbean region, especially in areas lacking biofouling regulations or early detection protocols.
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