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El género Paracoccidioides hoy abarca cinco especies: P. lutzii, P. brasiliensis sensu stricto, P. americana, P. venezuelensis y P. restrepiensis. Todos los casos de paracoccidioidomicosis reportados en Colombia han sido causados por P. restrepiensis, denominado así en honor de Ángela Restrepo, líder en el estudio de este hongo. Las evaluaciones previas de la diversidad genética han sugerido que las especies de Paracoccidioides difieren en su polimorfismo. Para inferir cambios en el tamaño efectivo de la población, se utilizó el método del coalescente markoviano secuencial por pares (pairwise sequentially Markovian coalescent, PSMC) mediante la generación de dos pseudodiploides para P. restrepiensis y uno para P. brasiliensis sensu stricto. Se encontró que P. restrepiensis divergió de sus especies hermanas recientemente, con un tiempo de divergencia en relación con P. venezuelensis de 125.000 (± 42.000) años. Los análisis que utilizan el PSMC muestran una reducción sistemática en el tamaño efectivo de la población de P. restrepiensis, con una rápida disminución de la variabilidad genética en comparación con P. brasiliensis sensu stricto, lo que indica que P. restrepiensis se ha visto expuesto a un cuello de botella poblacional sistemático. Ninguna de las otras dos especies muestra la drástica reducción efectiva del tamaño de la población observada en P. restrepiensis. Estas comparaciones sugieren que la trayectoria de P. restrepiensis es, de alguna manera, diferente de las otras especies de Paracoccidioides y llevan a preguntarse cuáles han sido los eventos biogeográficos que han producido cambios tan dramáticos en el patrón poblacional.
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