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El cuidado de la salud está experimentando un cambio de paradigma con respecto al diagnóstico y manejo de enfermedades orientado a llevar la medicina y la atención personalizadas a quienes lo necesitan. En este sentido, las ciencias puras han encontrado aliados en la nanociencia, la nanotecnología y otras tecnologías convergentes y disruptivas para asumir tan exigente tarea. Aquí se ilustra cómo dicha convergencia puede generar soluciones sin precedentes en el cuidado de la salud, por ejemplo, con el uso de nanobiosensores electroquímicos para monitorear patógenos y biomarcadores multiparamétricos a diferentes niveles moleculares y dilucidar el estado de salud de un individuo de manera personalizada. Se presentan, asimismo, ejemplos de nanobiosensores electroquímicos explorados para el diagnóstico, su potencial para el pronóstico y la posible evaluación del riesgo de complicaciones en pacientes. En este contexto, los diagnósticos inteligentes juegan un papel crucial en el cuidado de la salud 4.0, ya que puede avanzarse desde los datos inteligentes hacia dispositivos de diagnóstico capaces de analizar macrodatos que se beneficien del Internet de las cosas, el aprendizaje automático, el aprendizaje profundo y los teléfonos inteligentes entre otras tecnologías convergentes y disruptivas de vanguardia. Además, el trabajo destaca el potencial de los nanoportadores funcionales para la administración controlada y específica de fármacos como una rama de la medicina personalizada que promete revolucionar la atención médica. Por último, se hacen algunas reflexiones sobre medicina traslacional, así como comentarios finales y el recuento de los desafíos que implica llevar masivamente esta nueva y revolucionaria tecnología a los sistemas de salud globales.
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