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La aplicación de la nanotecnología, específicamente de las nanopartículas en campos como la medicina, la remediación medioambiental y la agricultura pasa por conocer y entender las interacciones que ocurren entre estas y el sistema biológico, para lo cual es necesario abordar el estudio de la nano-biointerface. Con base en resultados obtenidos en el estudio de la capacidad antifúngica y antibacterial de las nanopartículas de óxido de cinc (ZnO-NPs), se hizo una revisión de ciertos fenómenos fisicoquímicos que podrían ocurrir en la interface entre semiconductor y membrana celular y explicarían la acción de dichas nanopartículas. Concretamente, se analizaron los efectos de la naturaleza semiconductora del ZnO y la existencia de defectos puntuales en el sólido, así como de las interacciones de tipo entrópico, sobre un sistema biológico. Con base en estos procesos fisicoquímicos, se estructuraron modelos cualitativos de mecanismos que permitirían explicar los efectos de la presencia de las ZnO-NPs en cultivos de diversos hongos (Omphalia sp., Colletotrichum sp. y Phoma sp.), tales como la inhibición de su crecimiento y la alteración de su ultraestructura, y de la bacteria Escherichia coli, en la cual causarían la inhibición del crecimiento hasta en un ⁓70 % y una concentración mínima inhibitoria (CMI50) de 30,40 µg/mL, sin incidencia de radiación UV.
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