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En las últimas ocho décadas la comprensión de los mecanismos físicos que ocurren en la superficie límite entre dos materiales diferentes ha estado en constante evolución. Su interés radica en la ruptura de la simetría cristalina y la reducción de la coordinación atómica, las cuales producen modificaciones en el tipo y la ocupación orbital de los átomos en la interfaz. El estudio de los fenómenos interfaciales dio inicio a la ciencia de superficies, cuyo avance ha sido significativo en la medida en que aparecen nuevas y sofisticadas herramientas, tanto para la fabricación controlada de interfaces, como para la caracterización en el rango de la monocapa atómica. El interés se ha centrado no solo en el estímulo científico si no en el tecnológico, sobre todo en el contexto de los dispositivos electrónicos y, más recientemente, en una amplia gama de aplicaciones interdisciplinarias, como las biointerfaces, los detectores y actuadores ultrasensibles de última generación y el mejoramiento de las propiedades tribológicas. En este trabajo presentamos, primero, un contexto histórico de los diferentes fenómenos interfaciales que han ido surgiendo y su influencia en las propiedades que exhiben donde quiera que hay una interfaz, como en el caso de junturas, multicapas y heteroestructuras. Presentamos, asimismo, los avances en los sistemas de superredes magnéticas de importancia en el mejoramiento de la densidad de información de los discos duros, y discutimos sobre los estados interfaciales electrónicos y magnéticos y las nuevas funcionalidades en las interfaces de heterojunturas basadas en óxidos complejos. Por último, resaltamos algunos avances y perspectivas en el campo de la ciencia de superficies.
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