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El retroceso glaciar expone rocas sulfuradas y promueve la meteorización in situ, por lo que pueden presentarse condiciones de pH ácido y altas concentraciones de metales en el agua, los sedimentos y el suelo. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el impacto de la acidificación debida al retroceso glaciar en la calidad del agua de la quebrada Quilcayhuanca en Áncash, Perú, utilizando la planta Lemna minor y el cladócero Daphnia magna en ensayos de ecotoxicidad. Se determinaron en siete puntos de muestreo los parámetros físico-químicos y la toxicidad del agua superficial (AS) y del elutriado del sedimento (ES) mediante bioensayos con L. minor y D. magna. En los análisis físicoquímicos se obtuvo un pH ≤4, una conductividad eléctrica (CE) de 380 μS/cm y una turbidez de 113 UNT. Las concentraciones de cadmio (Cd), plomo (Pb), Níquel (Ni) y zinc (Zn) superaron el estándar de calidad ambiental (ECA) para agua de Perú, en tanto que las de As, Cd, cobre (Cu), Pb y Zn superaron la normativa canadiense de sedimentos, y la de Cd y As, el ECA para suelo de Perú. Se determinaron los valores de la concentración de AS y ES, con una clorosis de ≤6,25 % y 12,5 %, respectivamente, (confirmar con los autores) y del efecto por exposición al contaminante (NOEC); se registró la formación de hojas nuevas y el número total de frondas de L. minor en los siete puntos de muestreo, así como el peso seco de L. minor en uno de los puntos. En el ensayo con D. magna se determinó una concentración efectiva media para la inmovilidad (CE50-48h) de 43,55 % a 51,14%, y una concentración letal media (CL50-48h) de 50 % a 57,66 % en los ensayos con ES y AS. La ecotoxicidad en el AS y el ES debida al retroceso glaciar de la quebrada Quilcayhuanca se asoció con el pH y la presencia de metales pesados.
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