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En el campo de la salud pública, los programas de control de vectores priorizan el uso de insecticidas químicos, excluyendo métodos alternativos ecoamigables derivados de plantas. Se sabe que Annona muricata exhibe una actividad biológica insecticida que altera las etapas de desarrollo, los procesos fisiológicos y la mortalidad de insectos transmisores de enfermedades, pero los principios activos y las proteínas de esta especie de Annonaceae requieren validación entomotóxica en un modelo biológico de culícidos. Se evaluó la actividad de los extractos etanólico (ExtEtOH) y de alcaloides (ExtAlc) y de las fracciones proteicas (FP) de semillas de A. muricata en larvas del IV estadio temprano de Culex quinquefasciatus empleando un abordaje comparativo. El análisis cualitativo de metabolitos en ExtEtOH reveló la presencia de alcaloides, aminoácidos, lactonas, taninos, cardenólidos, acetogeninas y flavonoides. Mediante cromatografía de exclusión molecular se separaron cinco fracciones proteicas de las cuales se evaluó la tercera (FP3), la cual exhibió mayor letalidad larval (33 % con 0,5 mg/ml) y potencia revelada en la concentración letal media (CL50) (0,66 mg/ml, p: 0,166). ExtAlc mostró valores de mortalidad cercanos a los de la FP3 (30 %) y su CL50 (0,74 mg/ml, p: 0,754), en tanto que ExtEtOH confirió máxima mortalidad (100 %) y una CL50 inferior (0,03 mg/ml, p: 0,976). Se observaron dos reacciones tóxicas: una respuesta inmediata en ExtEtOH (97 % en 12 h) y una respuesta aguda mediata en FP y ExtAlc extendida hasta finalizar el ensayo (72 % en 72h).
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