Resumen
Se halló un tronco de árbol fósil bien conservado en el Valle del Cauca, Colombia. La fecha de radiocarbono indicó que el árbol vivió durante el Holoceno tardío, Meghalayo (4255 - 4083 cal BP). El descubrimiento es significativo porque el árbol conserva gran parte de su tejido original. Basándonos en comparaciones anatómicas de la madera, sugerimos que esta muestra no mineralizada pertenece a la familia Lecythidaceae, un grupo pantropical de árboles. Esta familia incluye alrededor de 12 géneros fósiles reconocidos a partir de maderas fósiles y el fósil encontrado probablemente pertenece al clado Bertholletia, el cual incluye especies de crecimiento lento, tolerantes a la sombra, comunes en los bosques secos tropicales, lo que sugiere que el Valle del Cauca estuvo dominado por este tipo de bosques antes de ser reemplazados por tierras agrícolas en las últimas décadas.
Palabras clave
Citas
Agarwal, A., Ambwani, K., Saha, S., and Kar, R.K. (2000). Fossil wood of Barringtonia (Lecythidaceae) from Ramgarh, Chittagong Hill Tract, Bangladesh. Phytomorphology. 50, 333-336.
Awasthi, N. (1969). On the occurrence of two new fossil woods belonging to the family Lecythidaceae in the Tertiary rocks of South India. Journal of Palaeosciences, 18(1-3), Article 1-3. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1969.820
Ayala-Usma, D. A. (2014). Stable isotopes in subfossil woods-first insights into an ultrahigh resolution paleoclimatic record of an Andean Forest during the Late Pleistocene. https://repositorio.uniandes.edu.co/bitstreams/adcb7ee4-5a14-4b57-a138-7cea0817ec9b/download
Ayala-Usma, D. A., Lozano-Gutiérrez, R., Orejuela, C., Pérez-Ángel, L. C., Montes, C., González-Arango, C. (2024). Exceptionally preserved subfossil woods from late Pleistocene volcanic deposits from the Northern Andes of Colombia. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 324, 105090. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105090
Bande, M. B. & Khatri, S. K. (1980). Some more fossil woods from the Deccan intertrappean beds of Mandla District, Madhya Pradesh, India. Palaeontographica Abteilung B Band, 173(4-6), 147-165.
Beldean, E. & Timar, M. C. (2021). A New Opportunity for Research in Romania – Subfossil Wood. Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Brasov. Series II: Forestry • Wood Industry Agricultural Food Engineering, 77-88. https://doi.org/10.31926/but.fwiafe.2021.14.63.1.7
Berkelhammer, M., Sinha, A., Stott, L., Cheng, H., Pausata, F. s. r., Yoshimura, K. (2012). An Abrupt Shift in the Indian Monsoon 4000 Years Ago. Climates, Landscapes, and Civilizations. American Geophysical Union (AGU). https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GM001207
Berrío, J. C., Hooghiemstra, H., Marchant, R., Rangel, O. (2002). Late‐glacial and Holocene history of the dry forest area in the south Colombian Cauca Valley. Journal of Quaternary Science, 17(7), 667-682. https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.701
Bini, M., Zanchetta, G., Perşoiu, A., Cartier, R., Català, A., Cacho, I., Dean, J. R., Di Rita, F., Drysdale, R. N., Finnè, M., Isola, I., Jalali, B., Lirer, F., Magri, D., Masi, A., Marks, L., Mercuri, A. M., Peyron, O., Sadori, L., … Brisset, E. (2019). The 4.2 ka BP Event in the Mediterranean region: An overview. Climate of the Past, 15(2), 555-577. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-555-2019
Booth, R. K., Jackson, S. T., Forman, S. L., Kutzbach, J. E., Bettis, E. A., Kreigs, J., Wright, D. K. (2005). A severe centennial-scale drought in midcontinental North America 4200 years ago and apparent global linkages. The Holocene, 15(3), 321-328. https://doi.org/10.1191/0959683605hl825ft
Cheng, H., Sinha, A., Verheyden, S., Nader, F. H., Li, X. L., Zhang, P. Z., Yin, J. J., Yi, L., Peng, Y. B., Rao, Z. G., Ning, Y. F., Edwards, R. L. (2015). The climate variability in northern Levant over the past 20,000 years. Geophysical Research Letters, 42(20), 8641-8650. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL065397
DANE (2018). ¿Cuántos somos? https://www.dane.gov.co/index.php/estadisticas-por-tema/demografia-y-poblacion/censo-nacional-de-poblacion-y-vivenda-2018/cuantos-somos De Oliveira, P. E., Barreto, A. M. F., Suguio, K. (1999). Late Pleistocene/Holocene climatic and vegetational history of the Brazilian caatinga: The fossil dunes of the middle São Francisco River. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 152(3), 319-337. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(99)00061-9
de Zeeuw, C. H. & Mori, S. A. (1987). Wood anatomy. The Lecythidaceae of a lowland Neotropical forest: La Fumée Mountain, French Guiana. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden, 44, 100-112.
Detienne, P. & Jacquet, P. (1983). Identification atlas for wood of the Amazon River and neighboring areas. Centre technique forestier tropical. https://scholar.google.com/?title=Identification+atlas+for+wood+of+the+Amazon+River+and+neighboring+areas&author=Detienne%2C+Pierre.&publication_year=1983
Diehl, G. A. (1935). A study of the Lecythidaceae. Yale University School of Forestry. Dixit, Y., Hodell, D. A., Petrie, C. A. (2014). Abrupt weakening of the summer monsoon in northwest India ~4100 yr ago. Geology, 42(4), 339-342. https://doi.org/10.1130/G35236.1 GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. (2024). https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei
Gómez, J., Montes, N. E., Marín, E. (2023). Mapa Geológico de Colombia 2023. https://sgcolombiano.maps.arcgis.com/apps/mapviewer/index.html?webmap=6faed511e7c542de85ae4d6a1668953c
Gottwald, H. P. (1994). Tertiäre Kieselhölzer aus dem Chindwinn-Bassin im nordwestlichen Myanmar (Birma). Forschungen aus den Naturwissenschaften.
Gregory, M., Poole, I., Wheeler, E. A. (2009). Fossil Dicot Wood Names: An Annotated List with Full Bibliography. Published for the International Association of Wood Anatomists at the Nationaal Herbarium Nederland.
Haffer, J. (1969). Speciation in Amazonian Forest Birds. Science, 165(3889), 131-137. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.165.3889.131
Huang, Y.-Y., Mori, S. A., Kelly, L. M. (2015). Toward a phylogenetic-based Generic Classification of Neotropical Lecythidaceae—I. Status of Bertholletia, Corythophora, Eschweilera and Lecythis. Phytotaxa, 203(2), 85. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.203.2.1
Huertas G. G. (1969). Un nuevo género y especie fósiles de las Lecitidaceas. Caldasia, 10(48), 365-369.
Jagels, R., Visscher, G.E., Wheeler, E.A. (2005). An Eocene High Arctic Angiosperm Wood. IAWA Journal, 26(3), 387 382. https://doi.org/10.1163/22941932-02603009
Jansen, S., Kitin, P., De Pauw, H., Idris, M., Beeckman, H., Smets, E. (1998). Preparation of Wood Specimens for Transmitted Light Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Belgian Journal of Botany, 131(1), 41-49.
Kaniewski, D., Marriner, N., Ilan, D., Morhange, C., Thareani, Y., Van Campo, E. (2017). Climate change and water management in the biblical city of Dan. Science Advances, 3(11), e1700954. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1700954
Kloster, A., Gnaedinger, S., Adami-Rodrigues, K. (2017). Nuevos registros de maderas del Mioceno de la Formación Solimões, Cuenca de Acre, Amazonia, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia, 20(3), 383-404. https://doi.org/10.4072/rbp.2017.3.09
Lens, F., Baas, P., Jansen, S., Smets, E. (2007). A search for phylogenetically informative wood characters within Lecythidaceae s.l. American Journal of Botany, 94(4), 483-502. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.94.4.483
Metcalfe, C. R. & Chalk, L. (1950). Anatomy of the dicotyledons, Vols. 1 & 2. https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/ull/10.5555/19511603379
Milanez, F. R. (1935). Estudo De Um Dicotyledoneo Fossil Do Cretaceo. Rodriguésia, 1(2), 83-89. Mori, S. A., Prance, G. T., De Zeeuw, C., Prance, G. T. (1990). Zygomorphic-flowered New World genera (Couroupita, Corythophora, Bertholletia, Couratari, Eschweilera, & Lecythis). Flora Neotropica, 21, 1-333.
Mori, S. A., Tsou, C.-H., Wu, C.-C., Cronholm, B., Anderberg, A. A. (2007). Evolution ofLecythidaceae with an emphasis on the circumscription of neotropical genera: Information from combined ndhF and trnL-F sequence data. American Journal of Botany, 94(3), 289-301. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.94.3.289
Mori, S., Kiernan, E., Smith, N., Kelly, L., Prance, G. T. (2017). Observations on the phytogeography of the Lecythidaceae clade (Brazil nut family). Phytoneuron, 30, 1-85.
Mussa, D. (1959). Contribuição à paleoanatomia vegetal: II madeiras fósseis do Território do Acre(Alto Juruá) Brasil. Serviço Gráfico do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Mustoe, G. E. (2018). Non-Mineralized Fossil Wood. Geosciences, 8(6), Article 6. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8060223
Pizano, C., Cabrera, M., García, H. (2014). Bosque seco tropical en Colombia; generalidades y contexto. Bogotá, D.C. Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt (IAvH). https://dare.uva.nl/search?identifier=f6d3da1b-126f-41a1-9040-1969c4c294ee
Pons, D., Franceschi, D. (2007). Neogene woods from western Peruvian Amazon and paleoenviromental interpretation. Bulletin of Geoscience, 82, 343-354. doi:10.3140/bull.geosci.2007.04.343
Prakash, U. & Dayal, R. (1964). Barringtonioxylon eopterocarpum sp. Nov., A fossil wood of lecythidaceae from the Deccan Intertrappean beds of Mahurzari. Journal of Palaeosciences, 13(1-3), Article (1-3). https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1964.675
Prakash, U. & Tripathi, P. P. (1970). Fossil woods of Careya and Barringtonia from the Tertiary of Assam. Journal of Palaeosciences, 19(1-3), 25-29. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1970.863
Ramos-Pérez, J. E. & Silverstone-Sopkin, P. A. (2018). Catálogo de la Flora Relictual del Valle Geográfico del Río Cauca [Catalog of the Relictual Flora of the Geographical Valley of the Cauca River]. https://www.nhbs.com/catalogo-de-la-flora-relictual-del-valle-geografico-delrio-cauca-catalog-of-the-relictual-flora-of-the-geographical-valley-of-the-cauca-river
Richter, H. G. (1982). The Wood Structure of Couratari Aubl. and Courouplta Aubl. (Lecythidaceae). IAWA Journal, 3(1), 45-55. https://doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000746
Selmeier, A. (2003). First record of a Lecythidaceae wood (Carinianoxylon brasiliense gen. Et sp. Nov.) from the Tertiary of the New World (Brazil, Rio Paranaiba). Zitteliana, 43,171-178.http://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12128/
Shallom, L.J. (1960). Fossil dicotyledonous wood of Lecythidaceae from the Deccan Intertrappean beds of Mahurzari. Indianbot Soc. 39(2), 198-203.
Silva, M. dos S., Silva, L. B. da, Santos, N. C. dos, Carvalho, E. R. de, Silva, C. R. A. da, Silva, C. C. S., Leite, K. R. B. (2022). Madeiras da Bahia: Anatomia do lenho de espécies nativas da Mata Atlântica. EDUFBA. https://repositorio.ufba.br/handle/ri/34749
Silverstone-Sopkin, P. A. (2012). Los muertos vivientes: La historia natural de cuatro lirios amazónicos del suroccidente de Colombia (Eucharis y Plagiolirion, Amaryllidaceae) (1.a ed.). Universidad del Valle. https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1228j4j
The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. (2016). An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 181(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12385
Thomas, E., Alcazar Caicedo, C., Loo, J., Kindt, R. (2014). The distribution of the Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa) through time: From range contraction in glacial refugia to anthropogenic climate change. Boletin del Museo Paraense Emilio Goeldi. Ciencias Naturales. https://hdl.handle.net/10568/66057
Thompson, L. G., Mosley-Thompson, E., Davis, M. E., Henderson, K. A., Brecher, H. H., Zagorodnov, V. S., Mashiotta, T. A., Lin, P.-N., Mikhalenko, V. N., Hardy, D. R., Beer, J. (2002). Kilimanjaro Ice Core Records: Evidence of Holocene Climate Change in Tropical Africa. Science, 298(5593), 589-593. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1073198
Toth, L. T. & Aronson, R. B. (2019). The 4.2 ka event, ENSO, and coral reef development. Climate of the Past, 15(1), 105-119. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-105-2019
Utida, G., Cruz, F. W., Etourneau, J., Bouloubassi, I., Schefuß, E., Vuille, M., Novello, V. F., Prado, L. F., Sifeddine, A., Klein, V., Zular, A., Viana, J. C. C., Turcq, B. (2019). Tropical
South Atlantic influence on Northeastern Brazil precipitation and ITCZ displacement during the past 2300 years. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 1698. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-38003-6
Utida, G., Cruz, F. W., Santos, R. V., Sawakuchi, A. O., Wang, H., Pessenda, L. C. R., Novello, V. F., Vuille, M., Strauss, A. M., Borella, A. C., Stríkis, N. M., Guedes, C. C. F., Dias De Andrade, F. R., Zhang, H., Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L. (2020). Climate changes in Northeastern Brazil from deglacial to Meghalayan periods and related environmental impacts. Quaternary Science Reviews, 250, 106655. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106655
O. M. & Dick, C. W. (2020). Diversification History of Neotropical Lecythidaceae, an Ecologically Dominant Tree Family of Amazon Rain Forest. En V. Rull & A. C. Carnaval (Eds.), Neotropical Diversification: Patterns and Processes (pp. 791-809). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31167-4_29
Walker, M., Head, M. J., Berkelhammer, M., Björck, S., Cheng, H., Cwynar, L., Fisher, D., Gkinis, V., Long, A., Lowe, J., Newnham, R., Rasmussen, S. O., Weiss, H. (2018). Formal ratification of the subdivision of the Holocene Series/Epoch (Quaternary System/Period): Two new Global Boundary Stratotype Sections and Points (GSSPs) and three new stages/subseries. Episodes Journal of International Geoscience, 41(4), 213-223. https://doi.org/10.18814/epiiugs/2018/018016
Walker, M. J. C., Berkelhammer, M., Björck, S., Cwynar, L. C., Fisher, D. A., Long, A. J., Lowe, J. J., Newnham, R. M., Rasmussen, S. O., Weiss, H.(2012). Formal subdivision of the Holocene Series/Epoch: A Discussion Paper by a Working Group of INTIMATE (Integration of ice-core, marine and terrestrial records) and the Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy (International Commission on Stratigraphy). Journal of Quaternary Science, 27(7), 649-659. https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.2565
Wheeler, E. A. (1986). Vessels Per Square Millimetre or Vessel Groups Per Square Millimetre? IAWA Journal, 7(1), 73-74. https://doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000444
Wheeler, E. A. (2011). Inside Wood – A Web resource for hardwood anatomy. IAWA Journal, 32(2), 199-211. https://doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000051
Wheeler, E. A., Baas, P., Gasson, P. E. (1989). IAWA list of microscopic features for hardwood identification (Vol. 10). IAWA Leiden. https://www.academia.edu/download/42652264/IAWA.Hardwood.List.pdf
Wheeler, E. A., Lehman, T. M., Gasson, P. E. (1994). Javelinoxylon, an Upper Cretaceous Dicotyledonous Tree from Big Bend National Park, Texas, with Presumed Malvalean Affinities. American Journal of Botany, 81(6), 703-710. https://doi.org/10.2307/2445648
Woodcock, D. W., Meyer, H. W., Prado, Y. (2017). The Piedra Chamana fossil woods (Eocene, Peru). IAWA Journal, 38, 313–365. https://doi.org/10.1163/22941932-20170175
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Derechos de autor 2024 Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales