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Palabras clave
Ultimo máximo glacial
Calentamiento medieval
Pequeña edad de hielo
Período de calentamiento actual
Variabilidad decadal
Cómo citar
Descargas
Societal impact
Resumen
Los últimos 125.000 años constituyen un intervalo clave para comprender la variabilidad del océano y el clima en el mar Caribe y la cuenca Colombia, ya que incluyen el último interglacial, la última glaciación, la deglaciación, el Holoceno y el período de calentamiento actual. Este artículo recopila e integra información paleoceanográfica, paleoclimática e instrumental sobre la variabilidad del clima y el océano en el Caribe, con énfasis en la cuenca Colombia, en escalas milenarias, centenarias, multidecadales y decadales. La revisión muestra que los cambios regionales han estado modulados por la interacción entre forzamientos orbitales, desplazamientos de la zona de convergencia intertropical, variaciones en la circulación meridional del Atlántico, cambios en la temperatura superficial del mar, el balance entre evaporación, precipitación y escorrentía, la surgencia del sur del Caribe y modos de variabilidad climática. A escala milenaria, el Caribe alternó entre condiciones cálidas y húmedas durante fases interestadiales, y condiciones más frías, secas y salinas durante fases estadiales. A escala centenaria, en el Caribe se han producido respuestas regionalmente heterogéneas. En escalas decadales y multidecadales, la variabilidad del Atlántico y el Pacífico modula la precipitación, la salinidad, la actividad ciclónica, las olas de calor marinas y la dinámica costera. La cuenca Colombia es una región estratégica para estudiar las conexiones entre el Atlántico, el Caribe, el norte de Suramérica y el Pacífico, pero aún se requieren reconstrucciones paleoceanográficas de alta resolución que permitan diferenciar señales locales, regionales y hemisféricas.
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