Resumen
Se presenta un estudio comparativo de las propiedades estructurales, morfológicas y ópticas de la heteroestructura CuO/CuWO₄ y las de estos óxidos individuales. Un primer análisis estructural semicuantitativo reveló la formación de las fases CuO y CuWO₄ de los óxidos individuales y la presencia en la heteroestructura de las dos fases CuO y CuWO₄, con 67 % y 33 %, respectivamente. Después de un análisis de refinamiento de Rietveld se encontraron una, dos y tres fases para las muestras de CuO, CuWO₄ y CuO/CuWO₄, respectivamente. A pesar de la presencia de fases secundarias en dos de las muestras, los parámetros de red determinados fueron congruentes. Por otro lado, se determinaron distintas morfologías en las tres muestras de análisis: láminas delgadas en el CuO, granos bien definidos en el CuWO₄ y granos que recubrían poliedros bien definidos en la heteroestructura. Además, se determinaron los gap de energía: 1,33 eV de gap indirecto en el CuO y 2,90 eV de gap directo en el CuWO₄. Se estableció un valor de gap de energía directo de 2,66 eV y dos valores de gap de energía indirecto de 1,35 y 2,11 eV en la heteroestructura CuO/CuWO₄, con lo que se verificó la producción en la heteroestructura. Por último, las tres muestras de análisis se probaron mediante un sencillo proceso de degradación fotocatalítica bajo luz UV en un fotorreactor con lámparas UV de 15 W a una intensidad máxima de 254 nm y a temperatura de operación de 20 °C. La heteroestructura exhibió un mejor desempeño en comparación con la respuesta individual de los óxidos que la componen, con una constante de velocidad de degradación fotocatalítica de 1,6×10⁻³ min⁻¹.
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