Resumen
Presentamos aquí una ruta verde de síntesis por coprecipitación de nanocompuestos de oxidos de cobre y de hierro funcionalizados con plata (Cu2O/CuO/Fe2O3@Ag) utilizando extracto de guayaba (Psidium guajava) como agente reductor y estabilizador. La novedad de este enfoque radica en el uso inexplorado de la guayaba, una biomasa rica en fitoquímicos ampliamente disponible, para producir nanocompuestos multifuncionales con propiedades mejoradas. Los análisis estructurales y morfológicos (XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM) confirmaron la presencia de fases cristalinas de Fe2O3, Cu2O, CuO y Ag, además de morfologías similares a nanoescamas y tamaños de partícula nanométricos. La caracterización magnética (VSM) reveló el cambio del comportamiento paramagnético en muestras no funcionalizadas a un ferromagnetismo débil con coercitividad y magnetización reducidas tras la incorporación de plata. Los ensayos antibacterianos demostraron que los nanocompuestos funcionalizados exhibían fuertes efectos inhibidores contra el patógeno resistente a múltiples fármacos Klebsiella pneumoniae, logrando una inhibición sustancial del crecimiento a 500 ppm. Estos hallazgos destacan el potencial del extracto de la guayaba como precursor sostenible para la síntesis biogénica de nanocompuestos de los óxidos de Fe y Cu funcionalizados con plata, lo que ofrece una ruta prometedora para la obtención de nanomateriales respetuosos del medio ambiente con aplicaciones en campos biomédicos y ambientales.
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