Resumen
El movimiento interhemisférico de la zona de convergencia intertropical (ZCIT) en diferentes escalas de tiempo tiene un papel fundamental en la distribución de la precipitación en los trópicos del continente americano. Esta transición latitudinal se registra en los archivos paleoclimáticos como una señal inversa en ambos hemisferios. Es decir, cuando la ZCIT se encuentra en una posición media más al norte, los registros sedimentarios indican condiciones de humedad en el trópico del hemisferio norte y sequía en el trópico del hemisferio sur. Condiciones opuestas se registran cuando la ZCIT se localiza sobre los trópicos del hemisferio sur. Estudios recientes en núcleos de sedimento lacustres del lago de Tota y la laguna de Siscunsí en las regiones altoandinas de Colombia han registrado condiciones de sequía durante la anomalía climática medieval, un periodo en el que, según la evidencia, la ZCIT se ubicó en el hemisferio norte y se dieron condiciones de elevada humedad relativa durante la Pequeña Edad de Hielo, cuando la ZCIT se localizaba sobre el trópico del hemisferio sur. Se discute aquí la posibilidad de que el efecto de la “isla seca” pudiera explicar estos resultados paleoclimáticos, los cuales difieren del paradigma que plantea que la ZCIT es uno de los mecanismos principales para explicar la variabilidad climática del Neotrópico en diferentes escalas de tiempo.
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