Resumen
El desarrollo de materiales autoacoplados en forma de multicapas o heteroestructuras ha brindado un universo de propiedades físicas y químicas que han despertado un interés especial en la ciencia en general y en la ingeniería en particular. Se presentan aquí los resultados fisicoquímicos de las heteroestructuras y se discute cómo la síntesis de materiales de baja dimensionalidad basados en carburos, nitruros, carbonitruros y óxidos, dispuestos en forma de capas bajo diversas configuraciones como TiCN/TiNbCN, Si3N4/Al2O3, [8YSZ/Al2O3]n, y [β-fosfato tricalcico/hidroxiapatita]n, y en función de la periodicidad espacial (Λ) o el número de capas (n), ofrecen variaciones de tipo estructural, estequiométrico, electroquímico, mecánico y tribológico, con valores de dureza superiores a 40 GPa, coeficientes de fricción inferiores a 0,2, carga critica de desgate superior a 75 N y velocidades de corrosión inferiores a 0,1 mmy. Al transferirse este conocimiento de la naturaleza física y electroquímica de las heteroestructuras al sector industrial mediante una implementación ingenieril eficiente, se ha impactado de manera positiva el sector empresarial, protegiendo los dispositivos mecánicos empleados en la industria, cuya operación y servicio se dan en condiciones extremas, elevadas temperaturas, y altos niveles de desgaste y corrosión. Bajo dichas condiciones extremas, las heteroestructuras se implementan para brindar protección física y química, lo que se ve reflejado en un mejor desempeño industrial y en avances del sector empresarial.
Palabras clave
Citas
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