Resumen
El presente estudio evaluó las respuestas fisiológicas y bioquímicas del tambaquí (Colossoma macropomum) a diferentes niveles de suplementación dietética con bentonita. Se evaluaron cuatro tratamientos con tres réplicas (10 peces por tanque). El adsorbente de bentonita sódica (Buntech) se incorporó al alimento comercial en tres niveles además del grupo control (0 %, 0,5 %, 1,0 % y 2 %). A los 10 y los 20 días de alimentación, se recolectaron muestras de sangre de cinco peces de cada réplica para su análisis. Se observaron cambios en el hematocrito, la hemoglobina, los eritrocitos y los índices hematimétricos del tambaquí. La concentración de glucosa, las proteínas totales, el colesterol total, los triglicéridos y la albúmina difirió significativamente debido a la inclusión de la bentonita. Hubo reducciones en el número de las células de defensa de C. macropomum debido al daño fisiológico causado por el agente adsorbente, lo que resultó en trombocitopenia, leucopenia, linfocitopenia y monocitopenia. Dichas reducciones sugerían una reacción y la migración a focos inflamatorios; la adición del producto no reflejó una mejoría en el perfil hematológico-bioquímico de esta especie de pez. Nuestros resultados indican que la suplementación dietética con bentonita sódica tiene efectos nocivos sobre C. macropomum, por lo cual no está indicada como aditivo alimentario.
Referencias
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