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The pink dolphin genus Inia is endemic to the major river basins of northern South America. This work is the first one at a worldwide level focused on the genetic structure of this genus. In this work, 96 DNA samples from the skin of specimens of this genus were collected in the Orinoco basin, the Putumayo River (400 km), and the Mamore, Tijamuchi, and Ipurupuru rivers in the Bolivian Amazon, including five samples from the Brazilian Amazon. These samples were used to sequence 570 bp of the d-loop region and 600 bp of the mitochondrial Cyt-b gene. The phylogenetic analysis and the population subdivision support the proposal to subdivide the Inia genus into two different allopatric species and reveal important aspects about the genetic structure of Inia groups from these three geographically separated regions.
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