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La relación causa-efecto entre la temperatura global como indicadora del cambio climático en el planeta con algunos de los principales mecanismos forzantes (concentración de CO2 atmosférico, irradiación solar y actividad volcánica) es analizada en este artículo mediante el análisis de series de tiempo para el periodo 1610-1990 AD, comparando la relación entre las tendencias y la variabilidad en los espectros de frecuencia. La temperatura parece acoplarse a la tendencia del CO2 para el último siglo, pero no se encontró una relación de causa-efecto en esta escala de tiempo. El análisis de frecuencias indica una concordancia entre irradiación y temperatura para un periodo de 22 años. El volcanismo presenta una relación inversa con la temperatura mejor observada para una escala decadal.
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