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El presente artículo pretende dar una mirada detallada a los avances y retos asociados al estudio de los movimientos en masa detonados por lluvias, los cuales son característicos y comunes en ambientes tropicales como Colombia. Los movimientos en masa constituyen una de las causas más frecuentes de desastres alrededor del mundo. Las pérdidas económicas asociadas son millonarias y aumentan debido a la expansión urbana sobre áreas montañosas de estabilidad precaria. Los avances más importantes en esta materia alrededor del mundo han sido aplicados en los últimos años en la determinación de umbrales críticos, definidos a partir de modelos físicos o estadísticos, combinados con pronósticos de lluvias y monitoreo en tiempo real como parte integral y fundamental de los sistemas de alerta temprana. Los procesos de remoción en masa tienen múltiples causas, tales como las condiciones geológicas, geomorfológicas y la intervención antrópica; sin embargo, un solo factor como la precipitación, es considerado el estímulo externo que puede generar una respuesta casi inmediata de movilizar los materiales que conforman la vertiente, sea por el rápido incremento de los esfuerzos o por la reducción de la resistencia. La lluvia como factor detonante en la ocurrencia de movimientos en masa ha sido estudiada por numerosos autores, algunos de estos estudios han abordado esta problemática utilizando la estadística, definiendo umbrales críticos que relacionan generalmente la intensidad y la magnitud de la lluvia con la ocurrencia de los movimientos. Igualmente son explorados modelos físicos basados en patrones geotécnicos e hidrológicos que relacionan lluvias, presión de poros y estabilidad de vertientes.
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