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Los caracteres distintivos de los vertebrados incluyen: crestas neurales y sus derivados y placodas neurogénicas. Se hará un repaso de los principales datos básicos y más recientes avances con respecto a estos caracteres, y su influencia en el desarrollo de los arcos branquiales, con énfasis en las implicaciones evolutivas de estos procesos y teniendo en cuenta conceptos como la homología y preadaptación o exaptación, dentro del marco de desarrollo histórico de la teoría evolutiva.
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