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Los accidentes ofídicos pueden producir hemorragias (causadas por SVMPs), mionecrosis (causadas por PLAs) y dolor, y anualmente 50 mil de éstos son fatales, especialmente en los trópicos. Las terapias convencionales por inmunoglobulinas son sólo parcialmente efectivas y pueden producir efectos inmunes adversos, por lo cual se están estudiando proteínas antiveneno naturales de mamíferos [DM43 (antihemorragina) y DM64 (antimiotóxica) de la zarigueya (Maruspialia: Didelphis)] que han demostrado ser más efectivas. Además las PLAs y SVMPs venenosas tienen sus contrapartes endógenas normales no venenosas (PLAs y MMPs) en animales como los humanos, y cuando el balance entre estas últimas y sus inhibidores se rompe, se producen patologías como: artritis, arterioesclerosis, asma, diabetes, choques sépticos, neoplasias, inflamaciones, psoriasis, reumatismo, etc. Además de estos aspectos médicos se repasa la evolución de las serpientes y sus sistemas de veneno, concluyéndose que falta información sobre, entre otros: la parafilética y muy diversa familia “colubridae”; “carreras armamentistas evolutivas” entre serpientes venenosas y sus presas; la inusual (desafía la teoría neutral de la evolución molecular) y acelerada evolución de las moléculas de veneno de serpientes.
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