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El delfín rosado del género Inia es endémico de las mayores cuencas hidrográficas del norte de Sudamérica. Este trabajo constituye el primero a nivel mundial que pretende dar aproximaciones acerca de la estructura genética de este género. Se colectaron 96 muestras de especímenes en las cuencas de los ríos Orinoco, Putumayo (400 km de recorrido) y en los ríos Mamoré, Ipurupuru y Tijamuchi en la Amazonia boliviana y se incluyeron 5 muestras de la Amazonia brasileña. Se estudiaron 570 pb de la región d-loop del ADN mitocondrial y 600 pb del gen citocromo b. Los análisis filogenéticos y de subdivisión poblacional soportan la propuesta de dividir el género en dos especies filogenéticas, y revelan aspectos importantes acerca de la estructura genética de los grupos de Inia en estas regiones geográficamente separadas.
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