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In this contribution the implementation of an experimental data protection system based on optical processing is presented, and the reliability of the recovered information when there is data loss during transmission is analyzed. The information is encrypted using an optical joint transform correlation architecture together with a double phase mask encoding technique. An authorized user recovers the original information when accessing the encoded data and the security key; if an intruder intersects the encoded image but does not possess the security key there is no possibility to access to the information contained in the encrypted image. The theoretical description and the experimental results show the ability the security systems exhibits to protect and recover the information by optical means, including the tolerance to data loss during transmission. © 2015. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat. All rights reserved.Alfalou, A., Brosseau, C.2009. Optical image compression andOptical image compression and encryption methods. Adv.Opt. Photon1:589-636.Barrera, J.F., Henao, R., Tebaldi, M., Torroba, R., Bolognini,N.2006a. Multiplexing encryption-decryption via lateralshifting of a random phase mask. Opt. Commun.259:532-536.Barrera, J.F., Henao, R., Tebaldi, M., Torroba, R., Bolognini,N.2006b. Multiplexing encrypted data by using polarizedlight. Opt. Commun.260:109-112.Barrera, J.F., Henao, R., Tebaldi, M., Torroba, R., Bolognini,N.2006c.Multiple image encryption using an aperture-modulated optical system. Opt. Commun.261:29-33.Barrera, J.F., Tebaldi, M., Torroba, R., Bolognini, N.2009.Multiplexing encryption technique by combining randomamplitude and phase masks.Optik120:351-355.Barrera, J.F., Rueda, E., Ríos, C., Tebaldi, M., Bolognini, N.,Torroba, R.2011.Experimental opto-digital synthesis ofencrypted sub-samples of an image to improve its decodedquality.Opt. Commun.284:4350-4355.Barrera, J.F., Torroba, R.2010. One step multiplexing opticalencryption. Opt. Commun.283:1268-1272.Barrera, J.F., Vargas, C., Tebaldi, M., Torroba, R., Bolognini,N.2010.Known-plaintext attack on a joint transformcorrelator encrypting system. Opt. Lett.35:3553-3555.Bellare, M., Desai, A., Pointcheval, D., Rogaway, P.1998. Rela-tions Among Notions Security for Public-Key EncryptionSchemes.Lecture Notes in Computer1492:26-46.Carnicer, A., Montes-Usategui, M., Arcos, S., Juvells, I.2005.Vulnerability to chosen-cyphertext attacks of opticalencryption schemes based on double random phase keys.Opt. Lett.30:1644-1646.Camp-Winget, N., Housley, R., Wagner, D., Walker, J.2003.Security flaws data links protocols.Communications of theACM46:35-39.Graydon, O.2013. Cryptography: Quick response codes, NaturePhotonics7:343.Javidi, B., Zhang, G., Li, J.1996. Experimental demonstration ofthe random phase encoding technique for image encryptionand security verification. Opt. Eng.35:2506-2512.Javidi, B., Esmail, A., Zhang, G.(Abril 3, 2012). Opticalsecurity system using Fourier plane encoding. U.S. patent8,150,033 B2.Matoba, O., Javidi, B.1999. Encrypted optical memory systemusing three-dimensional keys in the Fresnel domain. Opt.Lett.24:762-764.Nomura, T., Javidi B.2000.Optical encryption using a jointtransform correlator architecture.Opt. Eng.39:2031-2035.Nomura, T., Pérez-Cabré, E., Millán, M.S., Javidi, B.2009.Optical Techniques for Information Security. Proc. IEEE97:1128-1148.Pile, D.2010.Optical encryption: The ghost holds a secret.NaturePhotonics4:587.Refregier, P., Javidi, B.1995. Optical image encryption based oninput plane and Fourier plane random encoding. Opt. Lett.20:767-769.Shannon, C.1949. Communication Theory of Secrecy Systems.Bell Systems Technical Journal28:656-715.Situ, G., Zhang, J.2004. Double random-phase encoding in theFresnel domain. Opt. Lett.29:1584-1586.Situ, G., Zhang, J.2005. Multiple-image encryption by wavelengthmultiplexing. Opt. Lett.30:1306-1308.Unnikrishnan, G., Joseph, J., Singh K.1998. Optical encryptionsystem that uses phase conjugation in a photorefractivecrystal.Appl. Opt.31:8181-8186.Unnikrishnan, G.; Joseph, J.; Singh, K.2000. Optical encryptionby double-random phase encoding in the fractional Fourierdomain. Opt. Lett.25:887-889.Wang, X., Zhao, D.2012.Double images encryption methodwith resistance against the specific attack based on anasymmetric algorithm.Opt. Express20:11994-12003.References
Alfalou, A., Brosseau, C. 2009. Optical image compression and Optical image compression and encryption methods. Adv. Opt. Photon 1: 589-636.
Barrera, J.F., Henao, R., Tebaldi, M., Torroba, R., Bolognini, N. 2006a. Multiplexing encryption-decryption via lateral shifting of a random phase mask. Opt. Commun. 259: 532-536.
Barrera, J.F., Henao, R., Tebaldi, M., Torroba, R., Bolognini, N. 2006b. Multiplexing encrypted data by using polarized light. Opt. Commun. 260: 109-112.
Barrera, J.F., Henao, R., Tebaldi, M., Torroba, R., Bolognini, N. 2006c. Multiple image encryption using an aperture-modulated optical system. Opt. Commun. 261: 29-33.
Barrera, J.F., Tebaldi, M., Torroba, R., Bolognini, N. 2009. Multiplexing encryption technique by combining random amplitude and phase masks. Optik 120: 351-355.
Barrera, J.F., Rueda, E., Ríos, C., Tebaldi, M., Bolognini, N., Torroba, R. 2011. Experimental opto-digital synthesis of encrypted sub-samples of an image to improve its decoded quality.Opt. Commun. 284: 4350-4355.
Barrera, J.F., Torroba, R. 2010. One step multiplexing optical encryption. Opt. Commun. 283: 1268-1272.
Barrera, J.F., Vargas, C., Tebaldi, M., Torroba, R., Bolognini, N. 2010.Known-plaintext attack on a joint transform correlator encrypting system. Opt. Lett. 35: 3553-3555.
Bellare, M., Desai, A., Pointcheval, D., Rogaway, P. 1998. Rela-tions Among Notions Security for Public-Key Encryption Schemes.Lecture Notes in Computer 1492: 26-46.
Carnicer, A., Montes-Usategui, M., Arcos, S., Juvells, I. 2005. Vulnerability to chosen-cyphertext attacks of optical encryption schemes based on double random phase keys.Opt. Lett. 30: 1644-1646.
Camp-Winget, N., Housley, R., Wagner, D., Walker, J. 2003.Security flaws data links protocols.Communications of the ACM 46: 35-39.Graydon, O. 2013. Cryptography: Quick response codes, Nature Photonics 7: 343.
Javidi, B., Zhang, G., Li, J. 1996. Experimental demonstration of
the random phase encoding technique for image encryption and security verification. Opt. Eng. 35: 2506-2512.
Javidi, B., Esmail, A., Zhang, G. (Abril 3, 2012). Optical security system using Fourier plane encoding. U.S. patent 8,150,033 B2.
Matoba, O., Javidi, B. 1999. Encrypted optical memory system using three-dimensional keys in the Fresnel domain. Opt. Lett. 24: 762-764.
Nomura, T., Javidi B. 2000.Optical encryption using a joint transform correlator architecture.Opt. Eng. 39: 2031-2035.
Nomura, T., Pérez-Cabré, E., Millán, M.S., Javidi, B. 2009. Optical Techniques for Information Security. Proc. IEEE 97: 1128-1148.
Pile, D. 2010.Optical encryption: The ghost holds a secret.Nature Photonics 4: 587.
Refregier, P., Javidi, B. 1995. Optical image encryption based on input plane and Fourier plane random encoding. Opt. Lett.20: 767-769.
Shannon, C. 1949. Communication Theory of Secrecy Systems. Bell Systems Technical Journal 28: 656-715.Situ, G., Zhang, J. 2004. Double random-phase encoding in the Fresnel domain. Opt. Lett. 29: 1584-1586.
Situ, G., Zhang, J. 2005. Multiple-image encryption by wavelength multiplexing. Opt. Lett. 30: 1306-1308.
Unnikrishnan, G., Joseph, J., Singh K. 1998. Optical encryption system that uses phase conjugation in a photorefractive crystal.Appl. Opt. 31: 8181-8186.
Unnikrishnan, G.; Joseph, J.; Singh, K. 2000. Optical encryption by double-random phase encoding in the fractional Fourier domain. Opt. Lett. 25: 887-889.
Wang, X., Zhao, D. 2012.Double images encryption method with resistance against the specific attack based on an asymmetric algorithm. Opt. Express 20: 11994-12003.
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