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Urbanization is one of the major drivers of biodiversity decline, especially in highly diverse and urbanized regions such as the Colombian Andes. Therefore, understanding how green areas in cities have the potential for conservation is fundamental. Here, we evaluated and compared the taxonomic diversity of ants in forest and guadua fragments, two types of green areas immersed in an urban matrix in Armenia, central Andes of Colombia. Differences in the number of native and exotic species, alpha and beta diversity, and functional groups were quantified using fall traps and leaf litter sifting. We collected 65 ant species grouped into 34 genera and eight subfamilies. In the forest and guadua fragments, the number of native species was higher than that of exotic species. Alpha diversity only showed differences in species richness, with forest fragments being significantly richer. The two types of fragments showed a high similarity in species composition and functional groups; species turnover was the main component determining beta diversity. We registered 17 functional groups, with 15 grouping 46 species shared by both types of fragments. These data suggest that urban areas, especially forest fragments, harbor an important diversity of ant species whose uniqueness merits conservation and restoration efforts.
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