THE CENOZOIC HISTORY OF EL NIÑO PHENOMENON
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Martínez R, J. I. (2023). THE CENOZOIC HISTORY OF EL NIÑO PHENOMENON. Revista De La Academia Colombiana De Ciencias Exactas, Físicas Y Naturales, 33(129). https://doi.org/10.18257/raccefyn.33(129).2009.2379

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Abstract

During the Cenozoic era four time intervals: the early Eocene (~50 Ma), the early Pliocene (~5-3 Ma), the last glacial maximum (~20 ka), and the Holocene (<10 ka) have been examined in an effort to understand El Niño phenomenon under diverse boundary conditions. For the early Eocene and Pliocene periods the possible existence of permanent El Niño-like conditions have been proposed, whereas for the last glacial maximum evidences of either, El Niño-like or La Niña-like conditions are contradictory. Only for the Holocene (after ~6.6 ka) the El Niño phenomenon in its present frequency is recognized, as well as its possible relation with forcing mechanisms such as solar radiation and volcanic activity. The paleoceanographic and continental evidences of El Niño phenomenon are discussed, as well as their possible relation with orogenic pulses in northern South America.

https://doi.org/10.18257/raccefyn.33(129).2009.2379

Keywords

El Niño phenomenon | paleoclimatology | Cenozoic | early Eocene | last glacial | Holocene | climate – tectonics relation
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