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Psychology in the context of natural sciences. Behavior and evolution. Psychology has been considered during the development of Western science as the study of the psyche, as the study of the mind, and in the XXth. and XXIth. Centuries as the scientific study of the behavior of organisms. The development of psychology as a field of science is presented, beginning with the founding of the first laboratory of experimental psychology at the University of Leipzig (Germany) in 1879. The dilemmas that have faced psychology are pointed out: its subject matter, the methodology, natural science and or social science, scientific discipline and or applied profession. The relevance of using an evolutionary context, and the natural science approach, are indicated. Research on animal “mind” and cognition, and in general the phylogenetic foundation of psychological processes, is presented from the perspective of contemporary science.
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