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In fish, like in mammals, an intimate communication between the nervous, endocrine and immune systems has been observed. This bidirectional communication is possible thanks to the molecular signals synthesized by cells and tissues of the three systems are similar or in some cases identical. This intimate interrelation is fundamental, among other factors to cope, in coordinated and effective manner, with the stress situations. Stress can be defined as any situation that puts the organism under the conditions outside the stable or normal physiological range (extreme diseases, changes in the environmental conditions, etc.). The changes in the three regulatory systems that the stress situation generates as a response to this situation is known generically as the general adaptation syndrome (GAS). The stress situations in fish and the mammals keep great similarities, although there exist differences in terms of the organs involved and the response time, being this, an important factor for the recovery of the homeostasis. The parameters used to identify a stressed fish are the ones related to the different response phases after stress: primary response (adrenalin and cortisol), secondary (glucose, lactate and ions of the plasma) and the proteins of acute phase (APP). In addition, immune parameters like phagoctytosis indicators, lytic enzymes of the alternative system of the complement, the aglutinines and precipitines (opsonines, mainly lectines), the natural antibodies, the antibacterial cytokines, chemokines and peptides, may be indicative of stress episodes. All of it sows great relevance from the economic point of view, inasmuch as the industrial production of fishing resources (fish farms) anywhere in the world shows greater economic importance due to the growth of their demand and to the increasing quality of the commercial product.
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